Table 2. Change in measured variables, from baseline to the 6-month assessment.

		Main effect			Interaction effect
		Intervention group (n=26)	Control group (n=14)	Between effect	Interaction effect	Effect size (η2)
BMI	Baseline	20.2 ± 1.8	19.9 ± 2.1			0.029
kg/m2	6 months	20.2 ± 2.1	19.6 ± 2.5
	Time effect		*
SMI	Baseline	5.91 ± 0.66	6.02 ± 0.57			0.023
kg/m2	6 months	5.93 ± 0.65	5.95 ± 0.75
	Time effect
%BF	Baseline	24.1 ± 6.3	21.9 ± 6.0			0.004
%	6 months	23.3 ± 7.1	20.7 ± 6.5
	Time effect
HGS	Baseline	24.8 ± 7.4	28.6 ± 6.5			<0.001
kg	6 months	26.1 ± 8.0	29.7 ± 7.8
	Time effect	**
SLS	Baseline	60.5 ± 44.7	77.2 ± 41.5		*	0.132*
s	6 months	77.2 ± 45.5	61.6 ± 40.4
	Time effect	*
WS (comfortable)	Baseline	1.48 ± 0.27	1.48 ± 0.26			0.012
m/sec	6 months	1.46 ± 0.20	1.42 ± 0.17
	Time effect
WS (maximum)	Baseline	1.95 ± 0.30	2.02 ± 0.17		**	0.189**
m/sec	6 months	1.97 ± 0.24	1.86 ± 0.16
	Time effect		**
KES	Baseline	1.38 ± 0.42	1.55 ± 0.35		*	0.128*
Nm/kg	6 months	1.69 ± 0.46	1.49 ± 0.80
	Time effect	**
GLFS-25	Base line	2.7 ± 2.7	2.9 ± 1.6		**	0.139**
	6 months	2.5 ± 3.0	5.1 ± 4.1	*
	Time effect		*
EQ-5D	Baseline	0.909 ± 0.128	0.918 ± 0.114			0.021
	6 months	0.945 ± 0.100	0.917 ± 0.117
	Time effect

Data are presented mean and standard deviation. *p<0.05; **p<0.01. Post-hoc analysis of paired and independent t-tests. ANOVA, repeated-measure two-way analysis of variance. BMI: body mass index; SMI: skeletal muscle index; %BF: body fat percentage; HGS: handgrip strength; SLS: duration of single leg standing; WS: walking speed; KE: knee extension strength; GLFS-25: the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Functional Scale; EQ-5D, Euro QOL