Table 1. The clinical manifestation spectrum of enterovirus-associated diseases.
| Enterovirus group | Mild disease | Severe disease | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| EV-A | HFMD#1 | NP-AFP#4 | Associated with EV-A71#1, 4, 5, 6, 7; associated with CV-A16#1, 2, 5, 6; associated with CV-A6 or CV-A101, 2, 3 |
| Herpangina#2 | Aseptic meningitis#5 | ||
| Onychomadesis#3 | Encephalitis#6 | ||
| Pharyngitis | Death#7 | ||
| Diarrhea | Pulmonary edema | ||
| Respiratory symptoms | Neuromyelitis Optica | ||
| – | Infant sepsis | ||
| EV-B | HFMD#1 | NP-AFP#4 | Associated with CV-B3#1, 7, 8, 9; associated with CV-B5 or E30#1, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
| Herpangina | Aseptic meningitis#5 | ||
| Diarrhea | Encephalitis#6 | ||
| Respiratory symptoms#8 | Myocarditis#9 | ||
| – | Death#7 | ||
| – | Acute transverse myelitis | ||
| – | Acute pancreatitis | ||
| – | Papillitis | ||
| – | Hepatitis | ||
| EV-C | HFMD#1 | NP-AFP#4 | Associated with CV-A22 or CV-A24#1, 2, 5, 10 |
| Herpangina#2 | Aseptic meningitis#5 | ||
| Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis#10 | Hopkins syndrome | ||
| Corneal endothelial dysfunction | – | ||
| Other EVs | HFMD#1 | ND | Associated with rhinovirus#1, 8 |
| Respiratory symptoms#8 | – |
Abbreviations: not determined, ND; non-polio acute flaccid paralysis, NP-AFP.
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Typical clinical manifestation.