Table I. Semen analysis of the infertile male, compared to normal semen parameters.

Semen Analysis
Sperm Parameters	Infertile Subject	Normal Reference Rangesa
Sperm concentration (×106/ml)	227	≥15
Total volume (ml)	2.7	≥1.5
% motile	70	≥40
% progressive	36	≥32
% Strict normal morphology	19	≥4
% small acrosome	46	<20%
% midpiece defect	2	<20%
% tail defect	9	<20%
Leukocytes (×106/ml)	2.6	≤1
Overnight survival %	94	≥70
% Hyperactivating 3 h	6	≥10
% Hyperactivating 6 h	20	≥10

^a Reference ranges adapted from WHO (2010) or validated by the Male Fertility Lab, University of Washington