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Model for the role of FLARE and ACRE genes in early plant defense processes. Dashed arrows indicate hypothetical processes. Plain arrows indicate the role that FLARE genes are likely to play according to our current survey and previous studies in plant defense signaling. Neg reg., TFs, TTSS, Eff, and Avr stand for negative regulator of defense, transcription factor, type III secretion system, virulent bacterial effector protein, and avirulent protein, respectively.
