Table 1.
Characteristics of participants recruited in a validation study (N = 224)*†
| Characteristics | Total (N = 224) | Men (n = 110) | Women (n = 114) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
52.3 ± 6.7 |
52.0 ± 6.9 |
52.6 ± 6.4 |
0.537 |
| Smoking history (pack-years) |
37.5 ± 16.7 |
43.0 ± 17.9 |
32.2 ± 13.6 |
<0.001 |
| Ex-smokers |
32 (14.2) |
22 (21.2) |
10 (9.0) |
0.012 |
| Comorbidities |
126 (56.3) |
62 (56.4) |
64 (56.1) |
0.840 |
| Chronic treatment |
97 (43.3) |
47 (42.7) |
50 (43.9) |
0.562 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) |
26.4 ± 4.1 |
27.5 ± 3.9 |
25.4 ± 4.1 |
<0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
126 ± 15 |
128 ± 14 |
123 ± 16 |
0.014 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
80 ± 9 |
82 ± 9 |
78 ± 9 |
0.003 |
| Heart rate (min-1) |
80 ± 12 |
79 ± 13 |
80 ± 11 |
0.751 |
| Respiratory symptoms |
138 (61.6) |
66 (60.0) |
72 (63.2) |
0.627 |
| wheezing |
49 (21.9) |
23 (20.9) |
26 (22.8) |
0.731 |
| cough |
114 (50.9) |
54 (49.1) |
60 (53.1) |
0.55 |
| sputum |
107 (47.8) |
53 (48.2) |
54 (47.4) |
0.903 |
| night awakenings |
16 (7.1) |
10 (10.3) |
6 (6.3) |
0.307 |
| chest pain |
25 (11.2) |
11 (10.2) |
14 (12.6) |
0.572 |
| Respiratory sounds |
||||
| soft |
73 (32.6) |
43 (39.1) |
30 (26.3) |
0.027 |
| prolonged expiration |
25 (11.2) |
13 (11.8) |
12 (10.5) |
0.949 |
| rhonchi |
30 (13.4) |
15 (13.6) |
15 (13.2) |
0.908 |
| Lung function (post bronchodilator)* |
||||
| FVC (% expected) |
109.8 ± 16.9 |
106.0 ± 15.0 |
113.4 ± 17.9 |
0.001 |
| FEV1 (% expected) |
99.7 ± 15.2 |
99.1 ± 14.8 |
100.2 ± 15.6 |
0.620 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 76.0 ± 6.4 | 75.2 ± 6.7 | 76.8 ± 6.0 | 0.066 |
*FVC – forced vital capacity, FEV1 – forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
†All data are presented as mean±SD or as number (%). Statistical significance for between sex comparisons was tested using t test or χ2-test.