Table 1.
Key findings for study populations
|
Study |
Number of studies |
Study sample size |
% tested |
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence |
Anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence |
|||||
|
population |
countries |
range |
median |
range |
median |
range (%) |
median (%) |
range (%) |
median (%) |
|
| Blood donors
(9 studies) |
Albania
Germany
Italy
Poland
Turkey |
Hepatitis B virus (HBV): 3
HCV: 1
HBV/
HCV: 5 |
801–148,320 |
30,716 |
100–100 |
100 |
0.1–9.1
(N = 8) |
1.1
(N = 8) |
0–0.5
(N = 6) |
0.2
(N = 6) |
| Health care workers
(6 studies) |
Germany
Greece
Netherlands
Poland |
HBV: 1
HCV: 4
HBV/HCV: 1 |
104–9029 |
572 |
100–100 |
100 |
0.5 (N = 1) |
0.5 (N = 1) |
1.4–1.7 (N = 4) |
1.4 (N = 4) |
| Health care patients
(25 studies) |
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom |
HBV: 5
HCV: 11
HBV/
HCV: 9 |
25–90,424* |
844* |
13.0–100† |
100† |
0.1–6.2 (N = 11) |
1.0 (N = 11) |
0–31.5 (N = 17) |
1.1 (N = 17) |
| People living with HIV
(10 studies) |
Bulgaria
France
Germany
Netherlands
Slovenia
Switzerland
United Kingdom |
HBV: 2
HCV: 4
HBV/
HCV: 4 |
48–31,765 |
770 |
60.8–100 |
100 |
2.1–6.5 (N = 5) |
3.9 (N = 5) |
4.4–43.8 (N = 7) |
10.7 (N = 7) |
| Migrants
(9 studies) |
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
United Kingdom |
HBV: 2
HCV: 0
HBV/
HCV: 7 |
250–5000‡ |
709‡ |
0–100§ |
99.3§ |
0.6–11.7 (N = 8)║ |
3.0 (N = 8)║ |
0.4–5.6 (N = 8)║ |
1.1 (N = 8)║ |
| Men who have sex with men
(5 studies) |
Belgium
Croatia
Italy
Netherlands
United Kingdom |
HBV: 1
HCV: 2
HBV/
HCV: 2 |
74–5230 |
387 |
68.6–100 |
100 |
0.8–12.0
(N = 2) |
6.4 (N = 2) |
0.7–1.2 (N = 2) |
1.0 (N = 2) |
| People who use drugs
(26 studies) |
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Israel
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom |
HBV: 1
HCV: 18
HBV/
HCV: 7 |
40–97,250¶ |
661¶ |
0–100** |
100** |
0–52.3 (N = 4) |
4.8 (N = 4) |
6.3–86.5 (N = 21) |
50.0 (N = 21) |
| Current/former prison inmates
(8 studies) |
Bulgaria
France
Hungary
Italy
Portugal
United Kingdom |
HBV: 0
HCV: 2
HBV/
HCV: 6 |
151–318,550 |
550 |
2.6–100†† |
88.6†† |
0.7–6.7 (N = 4) |
1.4 (N = 4) |
4.8–77.4 (N = 7) |
28.6 (N = 7) |
| General population
(10 studies) |
France
Greece
Italy
Turkey
United Kingdom |
HBV: 3
HCV: 4
HBV/
HCV: 3 |
452–503,060 |
5057 |
100–100 |
100 |
0.5–2.5 (N = 4) |
1.5 (N = 4) |
1.0–5.5 (N = 4) |
2.6 (N = 4) |
| Children born to HBsAg-positive mothers
(3 studies) |
Italy
Netherlands |
HBV: 3
HCV: 0
HBV/
HCV: 0 |
100–2657 |
2280 |
75.4–100 |
79.8 |
0.6–0.7 (N = 2) |
0.7 (N = 2) |
- |
- |
| People tested for reasons relating to pregnancy or use of assisted reproductive technology
(17 studies) |
Albania
Denmark
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom |
HBV: 12
HCV: 1
HBV/
HCV: 4 |
206–190,141‡‡ |
3932‡‡ |
16.5–100§§ |
100§§ |
0.1–7.3 (N = 11) |
0.7 (N = 11) |
0.2–0.9 (N = 4) |
0.4 (N = 4) |
| Other populations (20 studies) | Albania France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Spain Turkey United Kingdom | HBV: 10 HCV: 4 HBV/ HCV: 6 | 99–14,759║║ | 1000║║ | 3.7–100¶¶ | 100¶¶ | 0.1–11.9 (N = 9)*** | 2.1 (N = 9)*** | 0.1–64.3 (N = 9)*** | 2.8 (N = 9)*** |
*Based on 26 data points because one study reported separate study sample figures for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
†Based on 27 data points because two studies reported separate testing figures for HBV and HCV.
‡Based on 11 data points because one study reported separate study sample figures for multiple study arms.
§Based on 12 data points because (a) one study reported separate testing figures for HBV and HCV, and (b) one study reported separate testing figures for multiple study arms.
║Based on 9 data points because one study reported separate prevalence figures for multiple study arms.
¶Based on 27 data points because one study reported separate study sample figures for HBV and HCV.
**Based on 28 data points because (a) one study reported separate testing figures for HBV and HCV, and (b) one study reported separate testing figures for multiple study arms.
††Based on 9 data points because one study reported separate testing figures for HBV and HCV.
‡‡Based on 18 data points because one study reported separate study sample figures for HBV and HCV.
§§Based on 19 data points because two studies reported separate testing figures for HBV and HCV.
║║Based on 23 data points because two studies reported separate study sample figures for multiple study arms.
¶¶Based on 23 data points because two studies reported separate testing figures for multiple study arms.
***Based on 22 data points because one study reported separate prevalence figures for multiple study arms.