Table 2. Comparison of the LOD and analysis time of other methods reported to detect cocaine.

Sensory system	Detection	LOD (M)	Time (min)	Reference
Gas chromatography	Mass spectrometry	1.65 × 10−11	20	50
Cozart® RapiScan	Colorimetry	9.89 × 10−8	3	57, 58
Germanium strip waveguide on a silicon substrate integrated with a microfluidic chip	Infrared	1.65 × 10−3	10	59
Immunochromatographic paper-based strip coupled with an OLED	Fluorescence	1.64 10−8	Not reported	60
Microfluidic Electrochemical Aptamer-based Sensor	Voltammetry	10 × 10−6	20	51
Gold electrode functionalized with an aptamer	Electrochemiluminescence	3.7 × 10−12	120	52
Aptamer with gold nanoparticles	Colorimetry	100 × 10−6	Not reported	53
Isothermal circular strand-displacement amplification and graphene oxide absorption	Fluorescence	190 × 10−9	10	61
NAA loaded with rhodamine B and capped with cocaine aptamer	Fluorescence	5 × 10−7	20	This paper