Figure 4. Verification of neurochondrin as the novel autoantigen by indirect immunofluorescence.

(A) Indirect immunofluorescence using acetone-fixed neurochondrin or mock-transfected HEK293 cells incubated with 1:1,000 diluted serum or 1:10 diluted CSF of patient 1, patient 2, or a healthy control (green). (B) Neutralization of immunofluorescence reaction on neuronal tissues. Patient serum (green) was preincubated with extracts of HEK293 cells transfected with neurochondrin or with empty vector as control. The extract containing neurochondrin abolished the immune reaction. Nuclei were counterstained by incubation with TO-PRO-3 iodide (blue). (A) Hippocampus tissue section: ×200 magnification. (B) Rat hippocampal neurons: ×400 magnification.