Figure 1.

X-ray based illustration of the unpublished augmentation approaches co-developed and evaluated at our research institute. (a) Cement augmentation of the superior neck cortex using 9–10 ml PMMA (Vertecem, Synthes, Switzerland) and (b) cannulated dynamic hip screw (diameter of 7.3 mm, length of 95 mm) with 3 ml cement at the tip, augmenting the inferior neck cortex; both strategies presented by Zwicky.38 (c) PMMA augmentation of the inferior neck cortex using 9–10 ml bone cement by Roffler,39 comparing conventional (Vertecem, Synthes) and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP)-modified (low modulus) cements (N=5) in a free fall test setup. (d) V-shape metal implant consisting of two, 5 mm diameter cannulated screws aligned along the superior and inferior neck cortices, respectively, connected laterally with a custom 2-hole plate and augmented at the tip with 1 ml cement (Traumacem V+, Synthes) per screw; developed by Widmer et al. (unpublished study).