Table 3.

Left ventricular hemodynamics, volume-specific external mechanical work rate, and volume-specific oxygen demand rate of sheep and goats under resting conditions elicited by mild sedation

	Sheep (n = 4)	Goat (n = 4)	t-Test
Stroke volume, liters	0.053 ± 0.010	0.035 ± 0.003	t6 = 3.3, P = 0.02
Body mass-specific stroke volume, l/kg	0.0011 ± 0.0003	0.0013 ± 0.0002	t6 = 0.91, P = 0.40
Heart rate, beats/s	1.9 ± 0.6	1.4 ± 0.2	t6 = 1.6, P = 0.17
Cardiac output, l/s	0.101 ± 0.042	0.051 ± 0.007	t6 = 2.3, P = 0.06
Systemic mean arterial pressure,* kPa	16.2 ± 2.6	12.9 ± 0.9	t6 = 2.3, P = 0.06
Mechanical work rate,† W/cm3 of tissue	0.019	0.015
O2 demand rate,‡ nmol O2·s−1·cm−3 of tissue	220	170

Values are means ± 95% CI.

^*1 kPa = 7.5 mmHg.

^†Calculated as the product of cardiac output and systemic mean arterial blood pressure, plus the kinetic energy (W) associated with accelerating the blood.

^‡Calculated from work rate assuming 4.50 × 10⁻⁴ J/nmol O₂ and a 20% external mechanical efficiency.