Table 2.
Results of ANCOVAs examining group differences on primary and secondary variables at pre, post and 20 week follow up
| Pre | Post | Pre to post | 20 week fup | Pre to fup | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F (df = 1,29) | d (95% CI) | Mean (SD) | F (df = 1,29) | d (95% CI) |
| BDI-2 | |||||||
| CBT | 29.80 (11.40) | 10.89 (6.19) | 9.33 (7.89) | ||||
| TAU | 28.53 (12.21) | 25.40 (10.31) | 29.17*** | 1.66 (0.83, 2.49) | 24.34 (13.54) | 18.43*** | 1.34 (0.54, 2.13) |
| STAI | |||||||
| CBT | 45.40 (6.26) | 33.87 (6.88) | 36.20 (10.77) | ||||
| TAU | 48.86 (11.20) | 50.46 (12.22) | 28.67*** | 1.63 (0.80, 2.45) | 45.67 (14.15) | 2.95 | 0.73 (− 0.01, 1.47) |
| MFIS | |||||||
| CBT | 12.13 (3.58) | 8.73 (3.58) | 8.06 (3.03) | ||||
| TAU | 12.26 (3.84) | 11.93 (4.38) | 5.89* | 0.78 (0.04, 1.52) | 11.06 (4.74) | 11.16** | 0.73 (− 0.01, 1.47) |
| PES | |||||||
| CBT | 17.06 (5.62) | 12.53 (6.18) | 11.26 (4.51) | ||||
| TAU | 18.80 (6.57) | 17.67 (7.05) | 3.92* | 0.75 (0.01, 1.49) | 16.80 (5.91) | 9.80** | 1.03 (0.26, 1.79) |
| MSQOL mental | |||||||
| CBT | 36.06 (14.81) | 63.13 (14.42) | 69.93 (19.64) | ||||
| TAU | 40.06 (17.35) | 44.20 (21.05) | 12.73*** | 1.03 (0.26, 1.79) | 49.27 (20.49) | 12.28** | 1.00 (0.24,1.76) |
| MSQOL physical | |||||||
| CBT | 47.39 (18.07) | 65.92 (14.66) | 63.32 (17.25) | ||||
| TAU | 43.28 (17.63) | 47.74 (19.07) | 18.26*** | 1.04 (0.28, 1.80) | 49.33 (21.32) | 7.85** | 0.70 (−0.03, 1.44) |
| PSQI | |||||||
| CBT | 9.00 (3.46) | 4.40 (2.09) | 4.80 (2.54) | ||||
| TAU | 9.06 (3.93) | 7.87 (2.99) | 22.02*** | 1.31 (0.52, 2.10) | 8.20 (3.60) | 11.06** | 1.06 (0.30,1.83) |
| PSSS | |||||||
| CBT | 63.73 (16.41) | 59.46 (13.45) | 62.26 (20.39) | ||||
| TAU | 69.40 (12.10) | 57.33 (12.48) | 15.51** | 0.96 (0.20, 1.71) | 58.86 (17.31) | 0.001 | 0.17 (−0.54, 0.89) |
| RSA | |||||||
| CBT | 137.29 (34.38) | 165.45 (26.30) | 164.10 (25.95) | ||||
| TAU | 146.40 (32.38) | 148.25 (32.63) | 17.98*** | 0.57 (−0.16, 1.30) | 149.53 (37.84) | 8.49** | 0.44 (−0.29, 1.16) |
| Acceptance | |||||||
| CBT | 30.40 (6.04) | 28.20 (3.89) | 27.93 (3.88) | ||||
| TAU | 32.13 (4.82) | 31.14 (4.78) | 2.18 | 0.66 (−0.09, 1.41) | 31.40 (5.96) | 3.01 | −0.67 (−1.39,0.08) |
| Problem solving | |||||||
| CBT | 6.76 (3.19) | 8.87 (3.54) | 8.93 (3.53) | ||||
| TAU | 6.73 (4.10) | 8.73 (4.31) | 0.09 | −0.46 (−1.19,0.26) | 6.81 (3.97) | 3.99* | 0.55 (−0.18,1.28) |
| Avoidance | |||||||
| CBT | 9.87 (4.99) | 4.20 (3.07) | 3.93 (2.96) | ||||
| TAU | 8.53 (5.22) | 7.40 (4.45) | 11.27** | 0.81 (0.05, 1.53) | 7.87 (5.24) | 9.75** | 0.90 (0.13, 1.62) |
FU 20 week follow up, ns not significant, CBT tailored CBT intervention, TAU treatment as usual, BDI Beck Depression Inventory –II, STAI State Trait Anxiety Inventory, MFIS Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, PES Pain Effects Scale, MSQOL mental Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-mental health summary score, MSQOL physical Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-physical health summary score, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSSS Perceived Social Support Scale, RSA Resilience Scale for Adults, Acceptance Acceptance of Chronic Health Conditions Scale, Problem solving Ways of coping questionnaire – planful problem-solving subscale, Avoidance Ways of coping questionnaire – escape-avoidance subscale
*p < .05, **p < .01; ***p < .001