Table 3.
Chi squared test for the difference in OI prevalence by gender before and after HAART
| Prevalence | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 16,519), n (%) | Men (n = 7848), n (%) | ||
| Before HAART (2001–2003) | |||
| Opportunistic infection | |||
| Oral candida | 5987 (36.2) | 2449 (31.2) | <0.0001 |
| Diarrhoea | 5164 (31.3) | 2295 (29.2) | <0.0001 |
| Geohelminths | 4544 (27.5) | 1912 (24.4) | <0.0001 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 2769 (16.8) | 1544 (19.7) | <0.0001 |
| Confirmed malaria | 2582 (15.6) | 1087 (13.9) | <0.0001 |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 1928 (11.7) | 809 (10.3) | <0.0001 |
| Esoph candida | 1620 (9.8) | 567 (7.2) | <0.0001 |
| Genital ulcer | 1430 (8.7) | 433 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
| Herpes zoster | 1011 (6.1) | 418 (5.3) | 0.025 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 624 (3.8) | 271 (3.5) | 0.076 |
| Cryptococcosis | 275 (1.7) | 152 (1.9) | 0.702 |
| Others | 301 (1.8) | 90 (1.1) | 0.019 |
| Opportunistic cancer | |||
| Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 114 (0.7) | 95 (1.2) | 0.068 |
| Prevalence | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 38,599), n (%) | Men (n = 20,232), n (%) | ||
| Early HAART (2004–2008) | |||
| Opportunistic infection | |||
| Geohelminths | 13,205 (34.2) | 5858 (29.0) | <0.0001 |
| Diarrhoea | 10,231 (26.5) | 4812 (23.8) | <0.0001 |
| Oral candida | 7710 (20.0) | 2961 (14.6) | <0.0001 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 3419 (16.9) | 7262 (18.8) | <0.0001 |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 1741 (8.6) | 2839 (7.4) | <0.0001 |
| Genital ulcer | 4461 (11.6) | 1660 (8.2) | <0.0001 |
| Esoph candida | 3872 (10.0) | 1456 (7.2) | <0.0001 |
| Confirmed malaria | 2482 (6.4) | 1111 (5.5) | 0.023 |
| Herpes zoster | 2606 (6.8) | 1152 (5.7) | 0.037 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 1373 (3.6) | 662 (3.3) | 0.061 |
| Cryptococcosis | 602 (1.6) | 332 (1.6) | 0.097 |
| Others | 1260 (3.3) | 539 (2.7) | 0.06 |
| Opportunistic cancer | |||
| Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 347 (0.9) | 330 (1.6) | 0.012 |
| Prevalence | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 40,335), n (%) | Men (n = 22,547), n (%) | ||
| Late HAART (2009–2011) | |||
| Opportunistic infection | |||
| Geohelminths | 9951 (24.7) | 4852 (21.5) | <0.0001 |
| Diarrhoea | 6056 (15.0) | 2917 (12.9) | <0.0001 |
| Oral candida | 3063 (7.6) | 1446 (6.4) | 0.029 |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 2895 (7.2) | 1453 (6.4) | 0.045 |
| Genital ulcer | 2581 (6.4) | 1202 (5.3) | 0.017 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 2101 (5.2) | 1489 (6.6) | 0.024 |
| Confirmed malaria | 1595 (4.0) | 789 (3.5) | 0.540 |
| Herpes zoster | 1522 (3.8) | 748 (3.3) | 0.490 |
| Esoph candida | 1163 (2.9) | 594 (2.6) | 0.046 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 464 (1.2) | 231 (1.0) | 0.792 |
| Cryptococcosis | 251 (0.6) | 166 (0.7) | 0.09 |
| Others | 759 (1.9) | 390 (1.7) | 0.102 |
| Opportunistic cancer | |||
| Kaposi’s sarcoma/HHV8 | 150 (0.4) | 160 (0.7) | 0.015 |
HHV8 human herpes virus 8, n number of patients