Table 1.
Patient demographics (n = 613)
| Variables | |
|---|---|
| Age (y) | 56.3 ± 14.4 |
| Male sex | 58.7% (360) |
| White | 74.9% (459) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 8.0 |
| Smoker | 44.7% (274) |
| COPD | 12.9% (79) |
| CHF | 8.8% (54) |
| LVEF (%) | 52.8 ± 6.2 |
| Hypertension | 76.0% (466) |
| Preop diuretic | 29.2% (179) |
| Prior MI | 7.3% (45) |
| Diabetes | 8.3% (51) |
| History of stroke | 7.3% (45) |
| GERD | 21.2% (130) |
| Alcohol abuse | 6.2% (38) |
| Steroid use | 2.3% (14) |
| Preop creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) |
| Preop hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.3 ± 2.3 |
| Nonelective case status | |
| Urgent | 13.4% (82) |
| Emergent | 13.2% (81) |
| ASA class 4 | 32.8% (201) |
| Redo-sternotomy | 24.3% (149) |
| Concurrent procedure | 31.6% (194) |
| Concurrent CABG | 17.1 % (105) |
| CPB time (min) | 217.1 ± 103.4 |
| Aortic cross-clamp time (min) | 139.1 ± 53.5 |
| DHCA use | 78.0% (478) |
BMI indicates body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction, preop, preoperative.