Table 3.
Univariate predictors of PPRS in proximal aortic surgery
| Variables | No PPRS (n = 483) | PPRS (n = 130) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 55.5 ± 14.1 | 59.5 ± 15.0 | .005 |
| Male sex | 57.8% (279) | 62.3% (81) | .35 |
| White | 76.2% (368) | 70.0% (91) | .15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 ± 6.0 | 29.4 ± 12.9 | .17 |
| Smoker | 41.6% (201) | 56.2% (73) | .003 |
| COPD | 11.0% (53) | 20.0% (26) | .006 |
| CHF | 8.1% (39) | 11.5% (15) | .22 |
| LVEF (%) | 52.8 ± 6.1 | 52.4 ± 6.6 | .56 |
| Hypertension | 73.9% (357) | 83.9% (109) | .019 |
| Preop diuretic | 28.8% (139) | 31.0% (40) | .63 |
| Prior MI | 6.2% (30) | 11.5% (15) | .039 |
| Diabetes | 7.0% (34) | 13.1% (17) | .027 |
| History of stroke | 5.0% (24) | 16.2% (21) | <.0001 |
| GERD | 19.3% (93) | 28.5% (37) | .023 |
| Alcohol abuse | 6.0% (29) | 6.9% (9) | .70 |
| Steroid use | 2.1% (10) | 3.1% (4) | .50 |
| Preop creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.8,1.2) | 1.0 (0.9,1.3) | .007 |
| Preop hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 2.1 | .018 |
| Nonelective case status | <.0001 | ||
| Urgent | 13.0% (63) | 14.6% (19) | |
| Emergent | 10.4% (50) | 23.9% (31) | |
| ASA class 4 | 28.0% (135) | 50.8% (66) | <.0001 |
| Redo sternotomy | 21.3% (103) | 35.4% (46) | .001 |
| Concurrent procedure | 28.2% (136) | 44.6% (58) | <.0001 |
| Concurrent CABG | 14.7% (71) | 26.2% (34) | .002 |
| CPB time (min) | 213.2 ± 108.0 | 231.7 ± 81.9 | .08 |
| Aortic cross-clamp time (min) | 137.7 ± 40.2 | 144.2 ± 87.1 | .23 |
| DHCA use | 78.3% (378) | 76.9% (100) | .74 |
BMI indicates body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; preop, preoperative.