Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of OE Versus MIE and Laparoscopic Versus RAMIE Groups After Propensity Matching
| Variable | OE (n = 928) | MIE (n = 928) | StDiff | SMIE (n = 170) | RAMIE (n = 170) | StDiff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 57/64/71 | 57/64/70 | 0.9% | 56/63/69 | 56/64/70 | 8.9% |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 84.3% (782) | 83.5% (775) | 2.0% | 84.1% (143) | 83.5% (142) | 1.6% |
| Female | 15.7% (146) | 16.5% (153) | 2.0% | 15.9% (27) | 16.5% (28) | 1.6% |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 94.0% (872) | 94.0% (872) | 0 | 89.4% (152) | 91.2% (155) | 6.9% |
| Black | 4.4% (41) | 4.7% (44) | 1.5% | 7.6% (13) | 5.9% (10) | 7.5% |
| Other | 1.6% (15) | 1.3% (12) | 2.9% | 2.9% (5) | 2.9% (5) | 0 |
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index | ||||||
| 0 | 72.7% (675) | 72.4% (672) | 0.8% | 75.3% (128) | 75.9% (129) | 1.5% |
| 1 | 22.4% (208) | 22.8% (212) | 1.0% | 19.4% (33) | 20.0% (34) | 1.5% |
| ≥2 | 4.8% (45) | 4.7% (44) | 0.5% | 5.3% (9) | 4.1% (7) | 5.9% |
| Facility type | ||||||
| Community | 0.2% (2) | 0.2% (2) | 0 | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | 0 |
| Comprehensive | 26.8% (249) | 26.8% (249) | 0 | 22.9% (39) | 22.9% (39) | 0 |
| Academic | 73.0% (677) | 73.0% (677) | 0 | 77.1% (131) | 77.1% (131) | 0 |
| Tumor size (mm) | 20/35/50 | 20/35/50 | 2.6% | 22.5/35.0/50.0 | 20.0/35.0/50.0 | 3.2% |
| Clinical T stage | ||||||
| T1 | 16.4% (152) | 15.7% (146) | 1.6% | 14.1% (24) | 16.5% (28) | 5.6% |
| T2 | 25.1% (233) | 26.1% (242) | 2.2% | 25.9% (44) | 22.9% (39) | 7.0% |
| T3 | 58.5% (543) | 58.2% (540) | 0.7% | 60.0% (102) | 60.6% (103) | 1.2% |
| Clinical N stage | ||||||
| N0 | 51.5% (478) | 50.1% (465) | 2.9% | 51.2% (87) | 50.6% (86) | 1.2% |
| N1 | 41.7% (387) | 42.5% (394) | 1.5% | 40.0% (68) | 40.6% (69) | 1.2% |
| N2 | 6.1% (57) | 6.8% (63) | 2.6% | 8.2% (14) | 8.2% (14) | 0 |
| N3 | 0.6% (6) | 0.6% (6) | 0 | 0.6% (1) | 0.6% (1) | 0 |
| Primary tumor site | ||||||
| Lower third of esophagus | 89.2% (828) | 90.5% (840) | 4.4% | 94.1% (160) | 91.8% (156) | 8.5% |
| Middle third of esophagus | 10.8% (100) | 9.5% (88) | 4.4% | 5.9% (10) | 8.2% (14) | 8.5% |
| Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy | 62.9% (584) | 63.7% (591) | 1.6% | 70.6% (120) | 70.6% (120) | 0 |
Data are represented as percent (n) for categorical variables and Q1/median/Q3 for continuous variables unless otherwise specified. Groups with standardized differences (StDiff) less than 10% were considered similar.
MIE = minimally invasive esophagectomy; OE = open esophagectomy; Q1 = first quartile; Q3 = third quartile; RAMIE = robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy; SMIE = standard minimally invasive esophagectomy.