Table 5.
Descriptive Statistics, Comparison of Means Using Paired t Tests, and Effect Sizes Using Cohen’s d (n = 24)
| Pre | Post | Paired Differences | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Measure (Range of Scores) | Mean (SD, SE Mean) | Mean (SD, SE Mean) | Mean | SD | SE Mean | p | Cohen’s da |
| Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (0–20) | 12.00 (3.67, 0.75) | 7.92 (3.65, 0.74) | 4.08 | 4.03 | .823 | < .01 | −1.01 |
| MOS Pain Effects Scale (6–30) | 18.46 (5.79, 1.18) | 13.92 (4.74, 0.98) | 4.54 | 5.96 | 1.22 | < .01 | −0.76 |
| Mental Health Inventory (0–100) | 64.95 (13.34, 2.72) | 78.24 (11.96, 2.44) | −13.29 | 10.62 | 2.17 | < .01 | 1.25 |
| Health Status Questionnaire (0–100) | |||||||
| Total Score | 91.58 (12.27, 2.51) | 103.00 (14.55, 2.97) | −11.13 | 13.64 | 2.79 | < .01 | 0.93 |
| General Health | 55.08 (10.84,2.21) | 55.71 (13.73, 2.80) | −3.63 | 12.04 | 2.46 | .15 | 0.30 |
| Physical Functioning | 37.50 (21.87,4.46) | 42.71 (25.02, 5.11) | −5.21 | 25.39 | 5.18 | .33 | 0.21 |
| Role-Physical | 20.83 (24.08,4.92) | 51.04 (37.94, 7.74) | −30.21 | 42.97 | 8.77 | < .01 | 0.70 |
| Bodily Pain | 39.04 (20.76, 4.24) | 56.38 (19.45, 3.97) | −17.33 | 16.66 | 3.40 | < .01 | 1.04 |
| Role-Emotional | 45.75 (35.27, 7.20) | 70.83 (35.86, 7.31) | −25.08 | 40.83 | 8.34 | .01 | 0.61 |
| Vitality | 35.21 (18.68, 3.81) | 51.04 (17.57, 3.59) | −15.83 | 19.37 | 3.96 | < .01 | 0.82 |
| Mental Health | 68.67 (15.50, 3.16) | 80.00 (12.32, 2.51) | −11.33 | 11.42 | 2.33 | < .01 | 0.99 |
| Social Functioning | 60.42 (26.50, 5.41) | 75.00 (23.02, 4.70) | −14.83 | 27.75 | 5.66 | .02 | 0.53 |
a
Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) of 0.2 are considered small, 0.5–0.6 are considered medium, and 0.8 are considered large.
SD = standard deviation; SE Mean = standard error of the mean.