Table 2.
Variable | Sample data % | National data % | Z | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethnic groupa | |||||||||
Latina | 15 | 17 | −1.15 | ||||||
Racial groupa | |||||||||
White | 76 | 78 | 1.11 | ||||||
Black | 16 | 13 | 2.39* | ||||||
Asian | 4 | 5 | 1.80 | ||||||
American Indian/Alaska Native | 2 | 1 | 0.57 | ||||||
Hawaiian Pacific Islander | <1 | <1 | 0.00 | ||||||
Two or more races | 2 | 2 | 0.00 | ||||||
Parent level of educationb | |||||||||
High school or less | 29 | 41 | −6.84* | ||||||
Some college | 30 | 27 | 1.86 | ||||||
4-year degree | 17 | 20 | −2.10* | ||||||
Graduate degree | 18 | 12 | 5.17* | ||||||
Unknown | 6 | — | — | ||||||
Type of schoolc | |||||||||
Public | 90 | 92 | −2.07* | ||||||
Private | 10 | 8 | 1.96* | ||||||
Geographic regiond | |||||||||
Northeast | 18 | 18 | 0.00 | ||||||
Midwest | 24 | 21 | 2.07* | ||||||
South | 34 | 37 | −1.74 | ||||||
West | 24 | 24 | 0.00 | ||||||
City typee | |||||||||
Urbanized area | 81 | 79 | 1.38 | ||||||
Large town | 9 | 10 | −0.94 | ||||||
Small town/rural | 10 | 10 | 0.00 | ||||||
Grade | Grade | Grade | |||||||
| |||||||||
Past-month substance usef | 8th | 9th | 10th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 8th | 9th | 10th |
Alcohol | 16 | 24 | 27 | 11 | 24 | 31 | 2.18* | 0.00 | 0.90 |
Binge drinking | 6 | 10 | 13 | 6 | 14 | 17 | 0.00 | −2.16* | 1.11 |
Cigarettes | 10 | 11 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 13 | 3.12* | 0.55 | 0.21 |
Marijuana | 7 | 15 | 18 | 7 | 18 | 24 | 0.00 | 1.44 | 1.52 |
p < 0.05.
National data (N = 316,427,395) from U.S. Census Bureau, 2016.
National data (N = 242,248) from U.S. Census Bureau, 2014.
National data (N = 53,988,330) from Bitterman et al., 2013.
Sample data categorized according designations from U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 (N = 318,907,401).
Zip codes from sample data categorized according to data from Rural Health Research Center, 2004 (N = 292,936,686).
Sample data are 8th graders (n = 215), 9th graders (n = 412), and 10th graders (n = 139); National data for 8th graders (N = 6450) from Johnston et al., 2014; national data for 9th (N = 3500) and 10th graders (N = 3100) from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013.