Table 3.

Clinical Implications

Evaluate the stress experienced by pregnant women due to their social-structural context such as experiences of racial discrimination.

Provide social support to pregnant women to improve their psychological wellbeing.

Establish support groups with a specific focus on issues of discrimination.

Implement stress reduction interventions.

Develop policy and public health interventions to reduce racial discrimination or combat its deleterious effects on psychological wellbeing of pregnant African American women.