TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of All Registry Patients and Study Participants
| Variable | All Registry Patients (N = 339) | Study Participants AF Recurrence (N = 78) | Study Participants No AF Recurrence (N = 90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | 59 ± 11 |
| Female sex | 112 (33) | 28 (35) | 28 (30) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.7 ± 6.1 | 31.8 ± 5.9 | 31.6 ± 6.4 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Paroxysmal AF | 227 (67) | 55 (71) | 54 (59) |
| Persistent AF | 112 (33) | 23 (29) | 38 (41) |
| CHADS2 score† | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.9 |
| Congestive heart failure | 52 (15) | 12 (15) | 12 (13) |
| Hypertension | 251 (74) | 61 (78) | 60 (65) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 70 (21) | 20 (26) | 20 (22) |
| Stroke | 17 (5) | 5 (6) | 3 (3) |
| Coronary artery disease | 66 (19) | 18 (23) | 20 (22) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 118 (35) | 29 (37) | 39 (42) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 24 (7) | 7 (9) | 4 (4) |
| Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease | 32 (9) | 9 (12) | 6 (6) |
| Laboratory characteristics‡ | |||
| B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/dL) | 131.2 ± 146.3 | 114.1 ± 147.3 | 1212 ± 123 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 4.3 ± 6 | 5.3 ± 7.9 | 42 ± 5.7 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 181.1 ± 45.9 | 179.7 ± 46 | 1802 ± 46.6 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics | |||
| Left atrial anteroposterior diameter (mm) | NA | 41.7 ± 5.8 | 42 ± 5.5 |
| Left atrial end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | NA | 38.9 ± 13.6 | 362 ± 11.7 |
| Left atrial function index | NA | 22.6 ± 17.2 | 28.7 ± 18.2 |
| E/e’ ratio§ | NA | 7.9 ± 32 | 8.4 ± 2.9 |
| LVOT-VTI (cm)¶ | NA | 19.4 ± 5.9 | 19.8 ± 5.7 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | NA | 59.7 ± 7.4 | 59.6 ± 7.4 |
| Left ventricular mass index (g/m2) | NA | 80.9 ± 20.9 | 81.5 ± 16.9 |
| Medications (after ablation) | |||
| Class I or III antiarrhythmics | 241 (71) | 51 (65) | 69 (75) |
| β-Blockers | 164 (48) | 36 (46) | 41 (45) |
| Anticoagulants | 326 (96) | 72 (92) | 86 (93) |
| Radiofrequency ablation | 144 (43) | 40 (51) | 42 (46) |
| Cryoablation | 195 (57) | 38 (49) | 50 (54) |
†
CHADS2 scons = Congestive heart failure (1 point), hypertension (1 point), age > 75 (1 point). Diabetes mellitus (1 point), prior stroke (2 points).
‡
B-type natriuretic peptide measurements were available for 78% of participants. C-reactive protein for 72% of participants, and total cholesterol for 88% of participants.
§
Mitral inflow E velocity/Lateral tissue Doppler e’ velocity ratio.
¶
Left ventricular outflow tract-velocity time integral.