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. 2004 Aug 9;32(14):4109–4118. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh733

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Definition of geometrical parameters for cation–π interaction. Ca, the atom from the protein residue considered as the cation; Ce, nucleic acid ring centroid; N, ring normal at the centroid. d is the distance between Ca and Ce. θ is the angle Ca–Ce–N.