SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 1.
Studies utilized for analysis of differences in effectiveness for eliciting alternations in measures of interest based on the duration of training and the modality of exercise.
| Study | Exercise & Duration of Intervention | Summary Description of Exercise | Measures of Interest for comparison | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 8-weeks | ||||||
| Ahmadi* [27] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 4-wk | ET‡: cycle 40 min/session @ 50-60% VO2max for 5 sessions/wk | Morph, Adip, T2DM | |||
| Ara [28] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 6-wk | RT‡: 1-3 x 3-12 @ Progressive 1RM (range 50-90%) for Squats, Leg Press, Leg Curl/Ext, Hip Flexion w/ 90 s rest @ total expenditure of 220-300 kcal/session | Morph, Ob | |||
| Ballor [29] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 8-wk | RT: 3x10-12 @ 10RM for: Chest Press, Leg Press, Lateral Pull-down, Arm Curl/Ext, Leg Curl/Ext, Calf Raise | Morph | |||
| Boudou [30] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 8-wk | ET: 2-sessions continuous @ 45-min/session @ 75% VO2peak, 1-session interval @ 5x2-min @85% VO2peak, 3-min rest interval @ 50% VO2peak | Morph, Ob, Adip | |||
| Fisher [31] | ET or RT: 3x’s/wk for 8-wk | ET‡: 20-40 min @ 65-80% MHR (progressive) RT‡: 1-2x10 @ 60-80% 1RM (progressive) for Leg Press, Squats, Leg Ext/Curl, Arm Curl, Lateral Pull-down, Bench Press, Military Press, Trunk Exercises |
CRP, Il-6, TNF-a | |||
| Halle [32] | ET: Daily for 4-wk | ET‡: 5-session/wk @30-min/session @ 70% HRmax, 2-sessions/wk general PA @ self-selected intensity & duration | Morph, Ob, Adip | |||
| Hallsworth [33] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 8-wk | RT: 3 set of 8-exercise CRT @ unknown repetition for bicep curl, calf press, triceps press, chest press, hamstring curl, shoulder press, leg extension, lateral pull-down @ 50-70% 1RM (progressive) with unknown rest interval | Morph, T2DM | |||
| Hammer [34] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 6-wk | ET‡: distance of 1.6-4.8 km/session (progressive) @ 60-85% HRM (progressive) | Morph, T2DM | |||
| Hansen* [35] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 8-wk | ET: 55-min/session @ 50%VO2peak on ergometer OR 40-min/session @ 75% VO2peak on ergometer with training equivalent energetics (1.3±0.05 MJ/session) | Morph, VO2, Met S | |||
| Hill [36] | ET: Daily for 5-wk | ET‡: distance of 1.6-5.6 km/session (progressive) @ unknown intensity | Morph | |||
| Ishii [37] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 6-wk | ET‡: 60-min/session @ 50% VO2max (adjusted intensity per week) | Morph, Ob, VO2 | |||
| Kanaley [38] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 6-wk | RT: 3 sets x 8-12 reps @ 80% 1RM (progressive) for chest press, leg press, shoulder press, lateral pull-down, leg extension, leg curl, bicep curl, triceps press-down, abdominal exercise (3x15) | Morph, Ob | |||
| Kempen [39] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 8-wk | ET‡: 90-min group exercise sessions @ 50-60% VO2max | Morph | |||
| Lucotti [40] | ET or E+R: 5x’s/wk for 4-wk | ET‡: 15-min rowing erg/session; 15-min cycle erg/ session @ 70% APHRmax
E+R‡: 45-min/session with RT @1 set x 10 rep (for arm curls, military press, push-ups, upright row, back extension) & 1 set x 20 rep (for squats, knee extensions, heel raises, bent-knee sit-ups) 40-50% 1RM with rest < 60 sec between exercises and ET: 15-min rowing erg/session; 15-min cycle erg/session @ 70% APHRmax |
Morph, Ob, Adip, CRP, TNF-α, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Maiorana [41] | E+R: 3x’s/wk for 8-wk | E+R: CRT for RT @ 45 s of RT @ 55-65 % MVC (progressive) w/ 15 s rest between RT followed by 5-min ET @ 70-85 % PHR (progressive) intermittent to RT-exercises | Morph, Ob, Adip, VO2 | |||
| Ng [42] [2] | ET or RT: 2-3x’s/wk for 8-wks | ET & RT equated to 3.5 METs per session per exercise ET‡: 50-min/session ergometer @ 65-70% APHRmax (progressive) RT‡: CRT 3-circuits of 1x10 for leg press, leg raises, hamstring curls, bicep curls, triceps extension, anterior shoulder raises, lateral shoulder raises, hip abduction, hip extension @ 65-70% 1RM (progressive), unknown rest |
Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Oberbach [43] | ET: 4x’s/wk for 4-wks | ET: 3-days: 60-min unknown intensity (20-min calisthenics/20-min steady state/20-min “power-training” & 1-day: 60-min swimming | Morph, Adip, OB, Il-6, CRP | |||
| Tokmakidis* [44] | E+R: 4x’s/wk (2 ET, 2 RT) for 4-wk |
ET: 40-45 min/session treadmill @ 60-80% HRmax (progressive) RT: 3 set x 12 rep @ 60% 1RM for bench press, seated row, leg extension, lateral pull-down, pec-deck, leg curl and 45-60 sec rest per set and 180-240 sec rest per exercise |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Touvra [45] | E+R: 4x’s/wk for 8-wk | ET: 30 min/session @ 70-80% HRmax
RT: 3 set x 15 rep for leg press, knee extension, abduction, bench press, pec-deck, rows@ 60% 1RM with 60-sec rest between set and 120-sec between exercise |
Morph, CRP, TNF-α, Il-6 | |||
| 9-15 Weeks | ||||||
| Ahmadizad [46] | ET or RT: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET: 75–85% of MHR for 20-30-min (progressive), RT: 4x12 CRT of 11 exercises @ 50–60% 1RM |
Morph, Adip | |||
| Ballor [47] | ET or RT: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET: 50% VO2max x 20-60 min (progressive) RT: 3x8 @ 50-80% 1RM (progressive) Squat, Bench, Leg Ext/Curl, Arm Ext/Curl, Lateral Pulldown |
Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Bouchard [48] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | RT‡: 3x8 @ 80% 1RM for (leg press, chest press, leg extension, shoulder press, sit-up, seated row, triceps extension, arm curl, and calf extension) w/ 60-90 s rest | Morph | |||
| Bryner [49] | ET: 4x’s/wk RT: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk |
ET‡: 20-60 min (progressive) @ self-paced RT‡: 2-4x15-12 @ 15RM-to-8-RM (progressive) for 10-exercise CRT w/ 60-s rest |
Morph | |||
| Bweir [50] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 10-wk | ET: 20-30-min/session (progressive) @ 60-75% HRmax
RT: 3 set x 8-10 rep 7-exercise CRT knee and hip flexion/extension, hip abduction/adduction, elbow flexion/extension, chest press @ unknown intensity with 120-sec rest intervals |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Christiansen [51] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET‡: 60-75 min @ unknown intensity to equate to 500- 600 kcal/session | Morph, Ob, Adip, Il-6, TNF-α, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Donnelly [52] | ET, RT, or E+R: 4x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET‡: 20-60 min (progressive) @ 70% HRR RT‡: 2-3 x 6-8 @ 70-80% 1RM (progressive) on CRT exercises unknown, rest unknown |
Morph, VO2 | |||
| Donnelly [53] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | RT‡: 3 sets 8,6,6 @ 70% 1RM, progress to 4 sets 8.6.6.4 @ 80% 1RM for Bench Press, Latissimus Pull-down, Leg Ext/Curl, Shoulder Press, Arm Pullover, Arm Curl/Ext | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Giannopoulou [54] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 14-wk | ET‡: 50-min/session @ 65-70% VO2peak (equated to 250-300 kcal/session) | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Hill [55] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET‡: 20-50 min (progressive) @ 60-70% HRM | Morph | |||
| Ho [56] | ET, RT, or E+R: 5x’s/wk for 12-wks |
ET‡: 30-min @ 60% HRR RT‡: 4x12 @ 10RM for Leg Press, Leg Curl/Ext, Bench Press, Seated Row w/ 60 s rest E+R‡: ET for 15-min @ 60% HRR & RT for 2x12 @75%1RM |
Morph, Ob, Adip, VO2 | |||
| Jorge [57] | ET, RT, or E+R: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | 60-min/session: ET: cycle @ LAT RT: unknown volume of CRT for leg press, bench press, lateral pull-down, seated row, shoulder press, abdominal curls, leg flexion @ unknown intensity (%1RM), or rest intervals E+R: cycle @ LAT ½ time & RT @ ½ training volume |
Morph, Adip, CRP, TNF-α, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Jung [58] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET: 30-min/session @ >5.3 METs OR 60-min/session @ 3.5-5.2 METs with training equated to 500 kcal/session |
Morph | |||
| Kadoglou [59] | ET: 4x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET: 30-60 min/session (progressive) @ 60-75% HRmax (progressive) | Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Kang [60] | ET or E+R: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET‡: 60-min/session @ 60% HRR E+R‡: CRT 60-min/session @ 60 % HRR with RT @ 3 set x 12 rep for lateral pull-down, abdominal curls, leg curls, leg extension, bicep curls & ET @ 20-min |
Morph, Adip, CRP, VO2 | |||
| Kempf [61] | ET: 7x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET: 30-min/session of WiiFit Plus program @ self-selected intensity | Morph | |||
| Kerksick [62] | E+R: 3x’s/wk for 14-wk | E+R: @ HR of 60-80% MHR using CRT of 14 exercises either paired: Arm Ext/Curl, Leg Ext/Curl, Shoulder Press/Lateral Pulldown, Hip Abd/Add, Chest Press/Seated Row, Abdominal Crunch/Back Extension, Shoulder Shrug/ Dip; or unpaired: Leg Press, Squat, Pec-Deck, Oblique, Hip Ext, side bends, stepping) x 30 s @ unknown %1RM w/ callisthenic 30 s between sets/paired exercise |
Morph | |||
| Klimcakova [63] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | RT‡: 1x12-15 @ 60-70% for 17-exercise CRT | Morph, Ob, Adip, Il-6, TNF-a, CRP, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Kwon [64] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | RT: 3 sets x 10-15 reps (elastic resistance) @ 40-50% 1RM (equivalent) for bicep curl, triceps extension, upright row, shoulder press, chest press, squat/deadlift, hip flexion, leg flexion, leg extension | Morph, T2DM | |||
| Lee [65] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 13-wk | ET: 60-min/session @ 60% VO2peak | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Moreira [66] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 12-wks | ET: 20-60 min (progressive) @ 10% of Anaerobic Threshold Interval ET 20-60 min (progressive) total time @ 2:1 ratio of 120% Anaerobic Threshold to Rest time |
Morph | |||
| Poirier [67] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET: 30 to 60-min/session (progressive) @ 60% VO2peak | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Polak [68] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET: 45-min @ 50-65% VO2max (progressive) for 2x’s/wk group exercise class, 3x’s/wk cycle ergometer | Morph, Ob, Adip, Il-6, TNF-α, VO2 | |||
| Racette [69] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET‡: 35-min @ 65% VO2max | Morph | |||
| Schjerve [70] | ET or RT: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET: Intervals @ 10-min @ 50-60% MHR followed by 4 cycles of 4-min: 3-min ratio of 85-95% MHR then 50-60% MHR followed by 5-min @ 50-60% MHR, or 47-min @60-70% MHR RT: 4x5 @ 90% 1RM (progressive) for Leg Press or Squats, trunk exercises @ 3x30 w/ 30 s rest |
Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Sigal* [71] | ET, RT, or E+R: 3x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET‡: 15-min/session @60% HRmax & 45-min/session @ 75% HRmax
RT‡: 2-3 sets x 7-9 reps for 7-whole body exercises @ unknown intensity or rest interval E+R: full version of both ET and RT |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Trapp [72] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 15-wks | ET: Interval cycle ergometer @ 8-sec sprint: 12-sec recover intervals progress from 5-min to 20-min total time or 10-40 min @ 60% VO2peak (progressive) | Morph, Ob, Adip, VO2 | |||
| Wycherley [73] | ET: 4-5x’s/wk for 12-wk | ET‡: 25-60 min/session (progressive) @ 60-80% baseline-HRmax (progressive) | Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| 16-23 weeks | ||||||
| Cauza [74] | RT or ET: 3x’s/wk for 16-wk | ET: 15-90 min/session (progressive @ 5-min/session per week after 4th week) @ 60% VO2max
RT: 1-3 sets (progressive) x 10-15 reps @ 10-15RM (progressive) for bench press, shoulder press, chest flies, lateral pull-down, bicep curls, triceps extension, leg press, calf press, leg extension, and abdominal exercises |
Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Cuff [75] | ET or E+R: 3x’s/wk for 16-wk | E+R: 75-min @ 60-75% HRR w/ RT@ 2x12 for Leg Press, Leg Curl, Hip Ext, Chest Press, Latissimus Pulldown @ unknown intensity or rest ET: 75 min @ 60-75% HRR |
Morph, VO2 | |||
| De Feyter [76] | E+R: Unknown sessions/wk For 20-wk |
ET: Interval @ 4-8 sets (progressive) x 30-sec or 60- sec (50-60% Wmax) RT: whole body (unknown exercises) @ 2-sets x 10-repetitions @ 50-80% 1 RM (progressive) and unknown rest intervals |
Morph, Adip, CRP, TNF-α, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Donnelly* [77] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 16-wk | ET: 20-45 min @ 60%-75% HRR for ≈2000 kcal/wk (400 kcal/session) | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Honkola [78] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 20-wk | RT: 2-set x 12-15 rep CRT for 8-10 whole body exercise (unknown exercises) @unknown intensity w/ <60-sec rest | Morph, SBP, DBP | |||
| Ibanez [79] | RT: 2-3x’s/wk for 16-wk | RT‡: 3-4x10-15 @ 50-80% 1RM (progressive) CRT for 8-wks & 3-5x10-12@60-80% or 3-5x 4-6@80-90% alternate for 8-wks | Morph, Ob, Adip, Met S | |||
| Irving [80] | ET: 3-5x’s/wk for 16-wk | ET: unknown time @ RPE of 10-12 equate to 300-400 kcal/session OR unknown time @ RPE of 15-17 to equate to 300-400 kcal/session | Morph, Ob, Adip, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Josse [81] | E+R: 7x’s/wk ET @ 7x’s RT @ 2x’s for 16-wk |
ET: 7x’s/wk @ total expenditure of 250 kcal unknown duration or intensity RT: 3x10 unknown intensity & rest interval |
Morph, Il-6, TNF-α | |||
| Layman [82] | E+R: 5x’s/wk ET @ 5x’s RT @ 2x’s for 16-wk |
ET‡: 30-min @ unknown intensity RT‡: 1x12 @ unknown resistance intensity for 7 exercise in CRT |
Morph, Ob, Adip | |||
| Marks [83] | E+R or RT: 3x’s/wk for 20-wk | ET‡: 12-36 min (progressive) @ 70-85% HRM RT‡: 2x8-12 @ 70-90% 1RM for: Leg Ext/Curl, Seated Row, Chest Press, Arm Ext/Curl, and abdominal curls, with unknown rest ET&RT: 12-24 min of ET and 1 set of RT |
Morph | |||
| Rice [84] | ET: 5x’s/wk RT: 3x’s/wk for 16-wk |
ET‡: 20-60 min @ 50-85% MHR (progressive) RT‡: 1x8-12 @ 8-12RM (progressive) for Leg Ext/Curl, Latissimus pull-over, Bench Press, Should Press, Arm Ext/Curl |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Snel [85] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 16-wk | ET‡: @70% VO2max with 4 sessions @ 30-min/session cyclergometer & 1 session @ 60-min/session (aerobic exercise session) | Morph, CRP, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Tjønna+ [86] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 16-wk | Interval ET: 10-min @ 70% MHR followed by 4-cyles of 4-min: 3-min @ 90% MHR and 70% MHR, then 5-min @ 50-60% MHR ET: 47-min @ 70% MHR |
Morph, Adip, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Tokmakidis* [44] | E+R: 4x’s/wk (2 ET, 2 RT) for 16-wk |
ET: 40-45 min/session treadmill @ 60-80% HRmax (progressive) RT: 3 set x 12 rep @ 60% 1RM for bench press, seated row, leg extension, lateral pull-down, pec-deck, leg curl and 45-60 sec rest per set and 180-240 sec rest per exercise |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Toledo [87] | ET: 6x’s/wk for 20-wk | ET‡: 30-40 min/session (progressive) @ 60-70% HRmax | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Wycherley [88] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 16-wk | RT‡: 2x8-12@70-85% 1RM for Leg Press, Leg Ext, Chest Press, Latissimus Pull-down, Seated Row, Arm Ext w 60 s rest | Morph, CRP, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| 24-36 weeks | ||||||
| Borg* [89] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 24-wk | ET‡: 45 min @ 60-70% VO2max
RT‡: 3x8 @ 60-80% 1RM CRT |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Brochu [90] | RT: 3x’s/wk for 24-wk | RT‡: 3-4 x 8-12 @ 65-80% 1RM (progressive) for (Leg Press, Chest Press, Lateral Pulldown, Shoulder Press, Arm Curl/Ext) w/ 60-90 s rest | Morph, CRP, SBP, DBP | |||
| Carr* [91] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 24-wk | ET‡: 60-min/session @ 70% HRR | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Church [92] | ET, RT, or E+R: 3x’s/wk for 36-wk | ET: 50-min/session @ 50-80% VO2max equated to 12 kcal/kg body mass per wk RT: 2 set x 10-12 rep for bench press, seated row, shoulder press, lateral pull-down; 3 set x 10-12 rep for leg press, leg extension, leg flexion @ 12 RM E+R: Same as ET (limited to 10 kcal/kg per wk) and RT (limited to 1 set for all exercises) |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Dobrosielski [93] | E+R: 3x’s/wk for 26-wk | ET: 45-min/session @ 60-90% HRmax
RT: 2-sets x 10-15 reps for 7 exercises (unknown whole body) @ 50% 1RM |
Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Dobrosielski+ [94] | E+R: 3x’s/wk for 26-wk | ET: unspecified RT: unspecified Both in accordance with American College Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines |
Morph, VO2 | |||
| Donnelly* [77] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 36-wk | ET: 20-45 min @ 60%-75% HRR for 1st 24-wks then 55%-70% of HRM (progressive) for ≈2000 kcal/wk (400 kcal/session) | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Dunstan [95] | RT: 3-4x’s/ wk for 24-wk | RT‡: 3x8-10 @ 50-85% 1RM (progressive) for Bench Press, Leg Ext/Curl, Upright Row, Lateral Pull-down, Shoulder Press, Arm Curl/Ext, Abdominal exercises | Morph | |||
| Hansen* [35] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 24-wk | Equivalent energetics (1.3±0.05 MJ/session) ET: Low: 55-min/session @ 50%VO2peak on ergometer; High: 40-min/session @ 75% VO2peak on ergometer |
Morph, VO2 | |||
| Karstoft [96] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 24-wk | ET @ equated energetic demand for 60-min/session @ 55% VO2peak, or Interval @ 3-min intervals for 60-min/ session @ 1:1 ratio of high (>70% VO2peak) and low (self-paced <70% VO2peak) | Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Ryan [97] | RT or E+R: 3x’s/wk for 24-wk | ET‡: 45-min @ 50-75% HRR (progressive) RT‡: variable resistance for 15-rep (3RM to 15 RM) 2-3 sets for Leg Press, Chest Press, Chest Flies, Latissimus Pull-down, Leg Curl/Ext, Arm Curl/Ext w/ 30 s rest |
Morph | |||
| Sigal* [71] | ET, RT, or E+R: 3x’s/wk for 24-wk | ET‡: 15-min/session @60% HRmax & 45-min/session @ 75% HRmax
RT‡: 2-3 sets x 7-9 reps for 7-whole body exercises @ unknown intensity or rest interval E+R‡: full version of both ET and RT |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Volpe [98] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 36-wk | ET‡: 15-30 min for 3-5 x’s/wk (progressive) @ unknown intensity via ski-ergometer | Morph, Ob, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| Watkins [99] | ET: 3-4x’s/ wk for 26-wk | ET‡: 30-35 min @ 70-80% HRR | Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2 | |||
| >36 weeks | ||||||
| Albu [100] | ET: Unknown for 52-wk | ET‡: general PA @ >175 min/wk of unknown intensity | Morph, T2DM | |||
| Anderssen [101] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 52-wk | ET‡: 60–80% of PHR for 60-min | Morph, Ob, Adip, VO2 | |||
| Balducci+ [102] | ET or E+R: 2x’s/wk for 52-wk | Equal energetics for ET & E+R progressive ET: unknown duration or intensity OR 60-min @ 70- 80% VO2max E+R: 40-min ET @ 70-80% VO2max, RT of 4 exercises (chest press, lateral pull-down, squat, abdominal exercise) @ 80% 1 RM with unknown set x rep and rest interval |
Morph, Ob, Adip, Il-6, TNF-α, CRP, SBP, DBP, VO2, T2DM | |||
| Balducci+ [103] | E+R: 2x’s/ wk for 52-wk | E+R progressive ET‡: unknown duration, unknown intensity RT‡: 4 exercises (chest press, lateral pull-down, squat, abdominal exercises) @ unknown intensity, rep or set count and rest intervals |
Morph, CRP, SBP, DBP, VO2, T2DM | |||
| Balducci+ [104] | E+R: 2-3x’s/ wk for 52-wk | E+R progressive ET: 55-70% VO2max on ergometer (stair, treadmill, cycle) for unknown duration/session RT: 3 sets x 10 reps of 4 exercises (chest press, lateral pull-down, squat, abdominal exercises) @ 60-80% 1RM with unknown rest |
Morph, CRP, SBP, DBP, VO2, T2DM | |||
| Balducci+ [105] | E+R: 2-3x’s/ wk for 52-wk | E+R progressive ET: unknown duration RT: 4 exercises (chest press, lateral pull-down, squat, abdominal exercises) @ unknown volume and rest interval E+R: Low @ 55% VO2max & 60% 1RM High @ 70% VO2max & 60% 1RM |
Morph, CRP, SBP, DBP, VO2, T2DM | |||
| Borg* [89] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 40-wk | ET‡: 45 min @ 60-70% VO2max
RT‡: 3x8 @ 60-80% 1RM CRT |
Morph, T2DM | |||
| Carr* [91] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 104-wk | ET‡: 60-min/session @ 70% HRR | Morph, VO2, T2DM | |||
| Donnelly* [77] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 52-wk and 68-wk | ET: 20-45 min @ 60%-75% HRR for 1st 24-wks then 55%-70% of HRM (progressive) for ≈2000 kcal/wk (400 kcal/session) | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Hawkins [106] | ET: 6x’s/wk for 52-wk | ET: 60 min/session @ 60-85% HRmax either on ergometer or via community walking | Morph, VO2 | |||
| Heufelder [107] | E+R: 3x’s/wk for 52-wk | ET‡: 30 min/session @ unspecified intensity RT‡: unspecified |
Adip, CRP, SBP, DBP | |||
| Olson [108] | RT: 2x’s/wk for 52-wk | RT: 3x8–10 @ 8-10RM (Progressive) for unknown exercises indicated as isotonic variable resistance machines and free weights targeting the following major muscle groups: quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals, pectorals, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, deltoids, biceps and triceps | Morph, Adip, Il-6, CRP, SBP, DBP, T2DM | |||
| Pritchard [109] | ET: 5x’s/wk for 52-wk | ET: 30-45 min @ 65-75% HRM | Morph, T2DM | |||
| Rokling-Andersen [110] | ET: 3x’s/wk for 52-wk | ET‡: 60-min/session of self-selected “aerobic” exercise or running @ unknown intensity | Morph, Adip, CRP, TNF-α, Il-6 | |||
| Yavari [111] | ET, RT, or E+R: 3x’s/wk for 52-wk | ET: 20-60 min/session (progressive) @ 60-70% HRmax (progressive) on treadmill or cyclergometer RT: 3 set x 8-10 rep for bench press, seated row, shoulder press, lateral pull-down, abdominal crunch, leg press, leg extension, triceps pushdown, seated bicep curl @ 60-80% 1RM (progressive) with 90-120 sec rest intervals E+R: ET @ 20-30 min/session @ 60-70% HRmax (progressive) on treadmill or cyclergometer & RT @ 2 set x 8-10 rep for bench press, seated row, shoulder press, lateral pull-down, abdominal crunch, leg press, leg extension, triceps pushdown, seated bicep curl @ 60-80% 1RM (progressive) with 90-120 sec rest intervals |
Morph, SBP, DBP, VO2, T2DM | |||
Note: Morph indicates any measure of body morphology/composition (e.g., body mass, fat mass or fat-free mass) and T2DM (e.g., fasting levels of glucose, insulin or HbA1c); and D indicates a dietary component to the intervention. All other abbreviations are noted within the list of abbreviations and generally agreed upon abbreviations for hormones.
*
Indicates study has data for analysis at multiple time points.
+
Indicates some results mirror previous reports from author and only utilized once within a time period for analysis.
‡
Indicates a hypocaloric, or diabetic/low carbohydrate, dietary intervention used in conjunction with exercise.