eTable 4. Comparison of weighted and age-standardized prevalences and means*1.
| Eastern Germany | Western Germany | |||||||
| Survey period | p-value | Survey period | p-value | |||||
| 1990–1992 | 1997–1999 | 2008–2011 | p*2 | 1990–1992 | 1997–1999 | 2008–2011 | p*2 | |
| Health-related behavior and BMI | ||||||||
| No exercise (%, 95% CI) |
53.9 [50.8; 57.0] |
54.2 [51.3; 57.0] |
35.2 [32.2; 38.4] |
<0.0001* | 45.7 [43.3; 48.0] |
47.5 [45.0; 50.0] |
33.9 [32.0; 36.0] |
<0.0001* |
| Smoking (%, 95% CI) |
28.2 [26.4; 30.1] |
32.5 [29.7; 35.5] |
33.5 [30.7; 36.3] |
0.0026* | 33.4 [31.6; 35.2] |
33.2 [31.2; 35.3] |
31.6 [29.4; 33.8] |
0.3247 |
| BMI ≥ 30 (%, 95% CI) |
24.9 [22.4; 27.7] |
25.3 [22.2; 28.7] |
24.5 [21.0; 28.4] |
0.9431 | 19.4 [18.0; 20.9] |
22.0 [20.1; 24.0] |
23.6 [27.8; 25.5] |
0.0024* |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean, 95% CI) |
140.0 [138.2; 141.7] |
131.7 [130.4; 133.0] |
125.9 [124.7; 127.2] |
<0.0001* | 133.8 [133.0; 134.6] |
128.7 [127.9; 129.4] |
123.8 [123.1; 124.4] |
<0.0001* |
| Self-reported hypertension (%, 95% CI) |
30.5 [28.1; 32.9] |
27.1 [24.5; 29.8] |
36.9 [34.4; 39.5] |
<0.0001* | 24.8 [23.5; 26.0] |
21.3 [19.9; 22.8] |
30.4 [28.8; 32.0] |
<0.0001* |
| Use of antihyper-tensive drugs (%, 95% CI) |
21.2 [19.6; 22.9] |
21.7 [19.5; 24.0] |
26.4 [23.9; 29.1] |
0.0010* | 14.8 [13.8; 15.9] |
15.2 [13.8; 16.6] |
20.6 [19.2; 22.0] |
<0.0001* |
| Cholesterol | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol,mmol/L (mean, 95% CI) |
6.24 [6.16; 6.31] |
6.16 [6.10; 6.23] |
5.40 [5.28; 5.52] |
<0.0001* | 6.16 [6.12; 6.21] |
6.11 [6.06; 6.16] |
5.30 [5.23; 5.36] |
<0.0001* |
| Self-reported hyperlipidemia (%, 95% CI) |
9.51 [7.89; 11.3] |
18.6 [16.5; 20.7] |
22.1 [19.6; 24.8] |
<0.0001* | 28.7 [27.2; 30.3] |
26.3 [24.6; 28.1] |
27.9 [26.4; 29.3] |
0.1023 |
| Use of lipid-lowering drugs (%, 95% CI) |
2.82 [2.12; 3.75] |
6.19 [5.17; 7.39] |
9.20 [7.81; 10.8] |
<0.0001* | 4.86 [4.24; 5.56] |
4.62 [3.94; 5.41] |
7.61 [6.68; 8.66] |
<0.0001* |
| Blood sugar | ||||||||
| Ser. glucose, mmol/L (mean, 95% CI) |
5.83 [5.72; 5.94] |
5.66 [5.55; 5.77] |
5.18 [5.08; 5.27] |
<0.0001* | 5.47 [5.42; 5.52] |
5.51 [5.45; 5.58] |
5.16 [5.09; 5.22] |
<0.0001* |
| Self-reported diabetes (%, 95% CI) |
5.33 [4.44; 6.38] |
6.00 [4.92; 7.29] |
6.22 [4.97; 7.76] |
0.5369 | 5.08 [4.46; 5.78] |
4.31 [3.63; 5.11] |
5.88 [5.06; 6.82] |
0.0278* |
| Use of antidiabetic drugs (%, 95% CI) |
3.46 [2.68; 4.44] |
4.51 [3.59; 5.65] |
3.94 [2.94; 5.26] |
0.2986 | 2.15 [1.73; 2.66] |
2.69 [2.13; 3.40] |
3.34 [2.69; 4.13] |
0.0152* |
BMI, body-mass index; CI, confidence interval; OW91, East/West Health Survey (Germany) 1991; BGS98, German National Health Interview and Examination 1998; DEGS1, German Health
Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–2011
Significance level for p-values: * p<0.05
*1 of: lack of exercise, smoking behavior, obesity, high blood pressure, total cholesterol, serum glucose, use of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antidiabetic drugs, and self-reported hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes; comparison of secular trends in the survey periods of the OW91, BGS98, and DEGS1 in eastern vs. western Germany; the subjects were men and women aged 25–69
*2 Test for difference