eTable 5b. Comparison of weighted and age-standardized prevalences and means*1.
| Men in western Germany | Women in western Germany | |||||||
| Survey period | p-value | Survey period | p-value | |||||
| 1990–1992 | 1997–1999 | 2008–2011 | p*2 | 1990–1992 | 1997–1999 | 2008–2011 | p*2 | |
| Health-related behavior and BMI | ||||||||
| No exercise (%, 95% CI) |
41.0 [38.1; 44.1] |
44.7 [41.8; 47.6] |
33.8 [31.0; 36.7] |
<0.0001* | 50.3 [47.5; 53.2] |
50.2 [47.0; 53.5] | 34.1 [31.4; 36.8] |
<0.0001* |
| Smoking (%, 95% CI) |
38.6 [36.3; 41.0] |
37.8 [34.8; 41.0] |
34.0 [31.1; 37.1] |
0.0353 | 28.0 [26.1; 30.1] |
28.6 [26.3; 31.0] |
29.1 [26.6; 31.7] |
0.8366 |
| BMI ≥ 30 (%, 95% CI) |
18.3 [16.5; 20.4] |
20.6 [18.6; 22.7] |
24.6 [22.0; 27.5] |
0.0018* | 20.5 [18.5; 22.5] |
23.5 [20.9; 26.2] |
22.6 [20.3; 25.2] |
0.2080 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean, 95% CI) |
136.0 [135.0; 137.0] |
130.5 [129.6; 131.3] |
127.4 [126.6; 128.3] |
<0.0001* | 131.6 [130.7; 132.5] |
126.9 [125.9; 127.8] |
120.1 [119.2; 120.9] |
<0.0001* |
| Self-reported hypertension (%, 95% CI) |
26.2 [24.4; 28.1] |
21.3 [19.2; 23.4] |
32.9 [30.3; 35.6] |
0.0000* | 23.3 [21.7; 25.0] |
21.4 [19.4; 23.5] |
27.9 [25.9; 30.0] |
<0.0001* |
| Use of antihyper-tensive drugs (%, 95% CI) |
14.0 [12.4; 15.8] |
12.9 [11.2; 14.8] |
20.5 [18.4; 22.7] |
<0.0001* | 15.7 [14.4; 17.1] |
14.5 [15.4; 19.7] |
20.7 [18.6; 22.9] | 0.0006* |
| Cholesterol | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol,mmol/L (mean, 95% CI) |
6.14 [6.08; 6.19] |
6.11 [6.04; 6.18] |
5.28 [5.21; 5.35] |
<0.0001* | 6.19 [6.13; 6.25] |
6.11 [6.05; 6.18] |
5.31 [5.24; 5.38] |
<0.0001* |
| Self-reported hyperlipidemia (%, 95% CI) |
31.2 [29.2; 33.4] |
28.5 [26.1; 31.1] |
29.0 [26.9; 31.2] |
0.1741 | 26.2 [24.4; 28.0] |
24.1 [21.9; 26.5] |
26.7 [24.6; 27.1] |
0.2120 |
| Use of lipid-lowering drugs (%, 95% CI) |
5.07 [4.21; 6.10] |
5.36 [4.35; 6.58] |
8.82 [7.37; 10.5] |
<0.0001* | 4.64 [3.92; 5.50] |
3.87 [3.02; 4.94] |
6.40 [5.24; 7.79] |
0.0059* |
| Blood sugar | ||||||||
| Serum glucose, mmol/L (mean, 95% CI) |
5.56 [5.48; 5.63] |
5.68 [5.58; 5.77] |
5.30 [5.21; 5.39] |
0.0001* | 5.37 [5.30; 5.44] |
5.35 [5.28; 5.41] |
5.01 [4.94; 5.08] |
<0.0001* |
| Self-reported diabetes (%, 95% CI) |
5.74 [4.64; 7.08] |
4.43 [3.57; 5.48] |
5.84 [4.70; 7.23] |
0.1037 | 4.41 [3.70; 5.25] |
4.19 [3.32; 5.29] |
5.92 [4.85; 7.20] |
0.0426* |
| Use of antidiabetic drugs (%, 95% CI) |
2.47 [1.80; 3.36] |
2.95 [2.19; 3.96] |
4.17 [3.18; 5.45] |
0.0267* | 1.83 [1.32; 2.54] |
2.44 [1.81; 3.27] |
2.50 [1.84; 3.38] |
0.3416 |
BMI, body-mass index; CI, confidence interval; OW91, East/West Health Survey (Germany) 1991; BGS98, German National Health Interview and Examination 1998; DEGS1, German Health
Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–2011
Significance level for p-values: * p<0.05
*1 of: lack of exercise, smoking behavior, obesity, high blood pressure, total cholesterol, serum glucose, use of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antidiabetic drugs, and self-reported hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes; comparison of secular trends in the survey periods of the OW91, BGS98, and DEGS1 in men vs. women in western Germany, aged 25–69
*2 Test for difference