Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016 Jun 3;52(3):412–419.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013

Table 1.

Characteristics of the Adult ESLD Cohort at Index Hospitalization

Variable Overall (n = 30,597)
Age (yrs), mean (SD) 70.9 (13.3)
Gender, male 14,516 (47.4%)
Race
 Black 3842 (12.6%)
 White 24,701 (80.7%)
 Other/Unknown 2054 (6.7%)
Complications of liver disease
 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 688 (2.2%)
 Variceal bleeding 1489 (4.9%)
 Hepatic encephalopathy 4553 (14.9%)
 Ascites 21,593 (70.6%)
 Hepatorenal syndrome 728 (2.4%)
Procedures related to liver complications
 Chemoembolization 815 (2.7%)
 Endoscopic procedure 14,090 (46.1%)
 Radiofrequency ablation 93 (0.3%)
 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt 171 (0.6%)
Etiology of liver disease
 Viral hepatitis 4592 (15.0%)
 Alcohol 4829 (15.8%)
 Other 10,870 (35.5%)
 Unknown 16,148 (52.8%)
Other medical history
 Cancer 9101 (29.7%)
  Hepatocellular carcinoma 922 (3.0%)
 Chronic kidney disease 12,197 (39.9%)
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 14,737 (48.2%)
 Coronary artery disease 15,329 (50.1%)
 Diabetes mellitus 14,883 (48.6%)
 Heart failure 15,048 (49.2%)
 Hypertension 26,125 (85.4%)

ESLD = end-stage liver disease.