Activation of the 2B6-XREM-PBREM reporter by CAR1, CAR2, CAR3, or PXR after treatment with various phthalates. Results represent a single transfection experiment with all treatments in triplicate. COS-1 cells were transfected with the pcDNA3.1(+)-RXRα expression vector, 2B6-XREM-PBREM reporter, pRL-CMV vector for normalization of transfection efficiency, and one of CMV2-CAR1, CMV2-CAR2, CMV2-CAR3, or CMV2-PXR. All treatments were for 24 h, and all concentrations were micromolar (μM). The luciferase values were normalized for transfection efficiency and are expressed as fold-induction over DMSO control. Each data point represents the mean (± S.D.). #p < 0.05 compared with androstanol control; *p < 0.05 compared with DMSO control.