Table 5.
Drain management strategies, stratified by fellowship training
| Variable | Overall | Any fellowship |
HPB fellowship |
Surgical oncology fellowship |
Transplant |
Other fellowship |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | ||
| Surgeons, N (%) | 889 | 141 (16) | 748 (84) | – | 431 (49) | 458 (52) | – | 619 (70) | 270 (30) | – | 695 (78) | 194 (22) | – | 682 (77) | 207 (23) | – |
| Prophylactic, intraperitoneal drainage | ||||||||||||||||
| Never | 124 (14) | 15 (11) | 109 (15) | 0.274 | 52 (12) | 72 (16) | 0.036 | 97 (16) | 27 (10) | 0.056 | 93 (14) | 31 (16) | 0.756 | 95 (14) | 29 (14) | 0.712 |
| Occasionally (1–25%) | 84 (10) | 9 (6) | 75 (10) | 34 (8) | 50 (11) | 58 (10) | 26 (10) | 65 (9) | 19 (10) | 66 (10) | 18 (9) | |||||
| Sometimes (26–75%) | 39 (4) | 6 (4) | 33 (4) | 26 (6) | 13 (3) | 23 (4) | 16 (6) | 33 (5) | 6 (3) | 32 (5) | 7 (3) | |||||
| Frequently (76–99%) | 114 (13) | 16 (11) | 98 (13) | 53 (12) | 61 (13) | 85 (14) | 29 (11) | 91 (13) | 23 (12) | 92 (14) | 22 (11) | |||||
| Always | 521 (59) | 94 (67) | 427 (58) | 262 (61) | 259 (57) | 350 (57) | 171 (64) | 407 (59) | 114 (59) | 394 (58) | 127 (63) | |||||
| Type of drain(s) regularly used | ||||||||||||||||
| Jackson–Pratt | 340 (39) | 51 (37) | 289 (39) | 0.800 | 160 (38) | 180 (40) | 0.262 | 247 (41) | 93 (35) | 0.001 | 260 (38) | 80 (42) | 0.079 | 269 (40) | 71 (35) | 0.033 |
| Blake | 301 (35) | 45 (33) | 256 (35) | 155 (37) | 146 (32) | 185 (30) | 116 (44) | 244 (36) | 57 (30) | 231 (34) | 70 (35) | |||||
| Penrose | 89 (10) | 17 (12) | 72 (10) | 47 (11) | 42 (9) | 62 (10) | 27 (10) | 76 (11) | 13 (7) | 57 (9) | 32 (16) | |||||
| Other | 121 (14) | 22 (16) | 99 (14) | 51 (12) | 70 (16) | 99 (16) | 22 (8) | 86 (13) | 35 (18) | 95 (14) | 26 (13) | |||||
| Number of drain(s) regularly used | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 252 (30) | 31 (24) | 221 (31) | 0.299 | 122 (30) | 130 (29) | 0.387 | 178 (30) | 74 (28) | 0.661 | 198 (30) | 54 (29) | 0.383 | 200 (31) | 52 (26) | 0.205 |
| 2 | 518 (61) | 83 (64) | 435 (60) | 253 (61) | 265 (60) | 352 (60) | 166 (63) | 397 (60) | 121 (64) | 393 (60) | 125 (63) | |||||
| 3+ | 59 (7) | 11 (8) | 48 (7) | 23 (6) | 36 (8) | 44 (7) | 15 (6) | 51 (8) | 8 (4) | 46 (7) | 13 (7) | |||||
| Varies each case | 26 (3) | 6 (5) | 20 (3) | 15 (4) | 11 (3) | 17 (3) | 9 (3) | 20 (3) | 6 (3) | 16 (2) | 10 (5) | |||||
| Remove drains using early amylase values | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 478 (55) | 68 (49) | 410 (56) | 0.154 | 267 (63) | 211 (47) | <0.001 | 319 (53) | 159 (59) | 0.075 | 369 (54) | 109 (57) | 0.538 | 365 (54) | 113 (57) | 0.586 |
| Yes | 394 (45) | 70 (51) | 324 (44) | 155 (37) | 239 (53) | 285 (47) | 109 (41) | 311 (46) | 83 (43) | 307 (46) | 87 (44) | |||||
| POD drain removal, median (IQR) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 0.867 | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 0.002 | 5 (4–7) | 5.25 (4.5–7) | <0.001 | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 0.359 | 5 (4–7) | 5 (5–7) | 0.059 | |