Table 2.

Average values of the main parameters for all control experiments in all conditions

	Control Experiment 1		Control Experiment 2			Control Experiment 3
	Vertical Rest	Vertical Active	Vertical Rest Cocontract	Vertical Rest	Vertical Active	Horizontal Rest	Horizontal Active
Shoulder elevation angle, °	41.70 (3.04)	40.55 (2.80)	48.30 (4.84)	49.10 (5.08)	48.51 (6.70)	38.90 (6.03)	38.70 (5.31)
MD, s	0.94 (0.09)	0.93 (0.10)	0.91 (0.12)	0.94 (0.11)	0.93 (0.11)	1.02 (0.11)	0.99 (0.08)
RMS, AU	0.01 (0.01)	0.06 (0.03)	0.02 (0.01)	0.01 (0.01)	0.09 (0.04)	0.09 (0.03)	0.09 (0.03)
FT, AU	NA	NA	151 (24.7)	145 (22.9)	NA	NA	NA
PV, m/s	0.72 (0.06)	0.70 (0.09)	0.95 (0.16)	0.91 (0.14)	0.86 (0.11)	0.68 (0.08)	0.65 (0.06)
PA, m/s2	0.02 (0.01)	0.01 (0.01)	0.02 (0.01)	0.02 (0.01)	0.02 (0.01)	0.01 (0.01)	0.01 (0.01)
AD/MD	0.42 (0.03)	0.46 (0.02)	0.42 (0.03)	0.42 (0.03)	0.45 (0.04)	0.53 (0.04)	0.51 (0.03)
SD of angular displacement, °	2.65 (1.11)	3.08 (0.72)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Data are average (SD) values of the main parameters for all control experiments in all conditions. Shoulder elevation angle represents the angular amplitude of the arm during the movement. MD, PV, PA, and AD/MD correspond to movement duration, peak velocity, peak acceleration, and normalized time of the acceleration phase, respectively. RMS is the root mean square of the EMG signal from 450 ms until 150 ms before the onset. FT corresponds to the RMS of the force transducer signal from 500 ms until 0 ms before movement onset.

NA, not applicable.