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. 2016 Dec 2;11:3023–3030. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S120637

Table 2.

The relationship between demographic/clinical variables and the cost

Variable n Cost of laboratory ($) Cost of medication ($) Cost of hospital stay ($) Total cost ($)
Age (years)
 <65 1,193 44.4±52.4 200.4±637.5 293.5±754.9 738.9±1,368
 ≥65 4,044 46.8±48.8 229.9±1,439.7 334.5±913.8 829.1±1,644.7
P-value 0.004 0.076 <0.001 0.003
Gender
 Female 841 58±60.8 175.7±460.7 399.1±1,019.1 922.5±1,597.5
 Male 4,396 44.1±46.9 232.2±1,405.4 311±850.5 786.8±1,583
P-value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Intensive care stay
 Absent 4,396 39.6±40.7 205.2±1,149.6 200.3±494.6 584.9±1,236.8
 Present 841 84.1±71 316.6±1,910.5 976.2±1,749.1 1,976.2±2,465.1
P-value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Intubation
 Absent 4,932 43.1±45.5 205±1,095.3 232.9±477.5 656.1±1,232.6
 Present 305 97.5±78 516.6±3,099.8 1,816.1±2,697 3,273.3±3,495.8
P-value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation
 Absent 4,831 43.7±47.6 215.8±1,339.7 290.3±888.6 730.7±1,562
 Present 406 76.9±61.6 310.3±689 739.5±642.6 1,735.7±1,581
P-value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001