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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Fac Dev. 2016 Sep;30(3):49–64.

Table 3.

Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Survey – Pre/Post Changes

Participants Referents Change Difference
Item (Level of Ability) PRE Mean POST Mean Mean change (SD) P-value PRE Mean POST Mean Mean change (SD) P-value P-value
1.1: Identify my own strengths and weaknesses 3.78 4.00 0.22 (0.44) .17 4.18 4.18 0.00 (0.44) 1.00 .28
1.2: Establish a development plan for my career 3.00 4.00 1.00 (0.71) .003 3.27 3.27 0.00 (0.77) 1.00 .008
1.3: Recognize who our stakeholders are and how to meet their needs 2.67 3.89 1.22 (1.39) .03 3.27 3.18 −0.09 (1.04) .78 .03
1.4: Improve both quality and efficiency 3.11 4.11 1.00 (1.00) .02 3.45 3.55 0.09 (0.83) .72 .05
1.5: Be a leader who is visionary and transformative 2.44 3.78 1.33 (1.00) .004 2.64 3.09 0.45 (1.13) .21 .08
1.6: Be a leader who is able to fulfill daily obligations and tasks 4.00 4.56 0.56 (0.53) .01 3.91 4.00 0.09 (1.04) .78 .22
1.7: Understand where, when, and why we spend resources 2.22 3.89 1.67 (1.22) .004 3.18 3.73 0.54 (0.82) .05 .04
1.8: Communicate effectively with colleagues 3.56 4.44 0.89 (0.93) .02 4.18 4.09 −0.09 (0.70) .68 .02
1.9: Communicate effectively with the media 2.78 3.44 0.67 (1.00) .08 2.73 2.73 0.00 (0.89) 1.00 .14
1.10: Pitch a project to potential funders or supporters 2.78 3.89 1.11 (0.78) .003 2.91 3.36 0.45 (0.69) .05 .07
1.11: Build and manage collaborative teams 3.33 4.00 0.67 (0.87) .05 3.36 3.73 0.36 (0.81) .17 .43
1.12: Establish strategic partnerships and alliances 3.00 4.00 1.00 (0.87) .009 2.91 3.45 0.54 (0.93) .08 .28
1.13: Negotiate and resolve conflict effectively 2.78 4.00 1.22 (1.30) .02 3.73 3.82 0.09 (0.70) .68 .04
1.14: Manage process and projects effectively and efficiently 3.78 4.33 0.56 (0.88) .10 3.64 3.64 0.00 (1.00) 1.00 .20
1.15: Continue to learn and grow on an ongoing basis throughout my career 3.67 4.44 0.78 (1.30) .11 4.18 4.00 −0.18 (0.75) .44 .07
1.16: Consider trade-offs of investing in different areas 3.22 4.11 0.89 (1.45) .10 3.27 3.55 0.27 (0.79) .28 .28
1.17: Recognize and manage my innate and implicit biases 3.22 4.11 0.89 (1.27) .06 3.73 3.64 −0.09 (1.22) .81 .10
1.18: Effectively and respectfully engage diverse groups of colleagues, trainees, and patients 3.67 4.22 0.56 (0.88) .10 4.18 4.00 −0.18 (0.87) .51 .08
1.19: Understand what disruptive innovation is and how it impacts our lives 1.17 3.56 1.89 (0.93) <.001 2.73 2.73 0.00 (0.89) 1.00 <.001
1.20: Lead in times of change and uncertainty 2.33 3.89 1.56 (0.73) <.001 2.82 3.27 0.45 (0.93) .14 .008
1.21: Create cultures that nurture innovation 2.67 4.00 1.33 (0.87) .002 2.91 3.36 0.45 (0.82) .10 .03
Item (Agreement with Statement) PRE Mean POST Mean Mean change (SD) P-value PRE Mean POST Mean Mean change (SD) P-value P-value
2.1: This institution cares about me 2.11 3.44 1.33 (1.12) .007 2.27 2.45 0.18 (0.75) .44 .02
2.2: I am receiving guidance and/or support for my progress/performance 2.22 3.22 1.00 (0.87) .009 2.55 2.73 0.18 (0.60) .34 .03
2.3: This institution is a place where careers can develop 2.44 3.11 0.67 (1.32) .17 2.91 2.82 −0.09 (0.70) .68 .15
2.4: I am connected to and supported by my colleagues at work 2.78 3.22 0.44 (0.88) .17 3.18 3.09 −0.09 (0.70) .68 .16
Item (Behaviors in the Workplace) PRE Mean POST Mean Mean change (SD) P-value PRE Mean POST Mean Mean change (SD) P-value P-value
3.1: Work toward a solution rather than just identifying a problem 3.78 4.33 0.56 (0.53) .01 3.82 4.36 0.54 (0.52) .006 .97
3.2: Pull a team together when you see a problem 3.33 3.56 0.22 (0.97) .51 3.73 3.27 −0.45 (0.69) .05 .10
3.3: Initiate action when you see a problem 3.67 4.00 0.33 (1.00) .35 4.09 4.09 0.00 (.045) 1.00 .38
3.4: Ensure ongoing self-awareness through reflection 3.44 4.22 0.78 (0.83) .02 4.00 4.09 0.09 (1.04) .78 .12
3.5: Ensure ongoing self-awareness by eliciting feedback from colleagues 2.67 3.33 0.67 (0.87) .05 3.45 3.00 −0.45 (0.69) .05 .006
3.6: Take responsibility to provide constructive feedback to colleagues with whom you are working, without being asked. 2.78 3.89 1.11 (1.17) .02 3.45 3.27 −0.18 (0.60) .34 .01
3.7: Fully engage with team members and dedicate the time/effort needed (when you are a member of a team) 4.22 4.33 0.11 (0.60) .59 4.18 4.27 0.09 (0.54) .59 .94

The items above were scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1-5, with 1 = novice and 5 = expert for level of ability in Section 1, 1 = strongly agree and 5 = strongly disagree for agreement with statements in Section 2, and 1 = never and 5 = always for behaviors in Section 3. Light blue shading = items with statistically significant differences.