Table 2.
Participant characteristics by quintiles of long-term systolic blood pressure variability independent of the mean.
| All Participants (N=1122) | Quintiles of systolic blood pressure variability independent of the mean (mm Hg)
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n=225) (1.15–5.32) | Q2 (n=224) (5.33–6.94) | Q3 (n=225) (6.95–8.93) | Q4 (n=224) (8.93–11.30) | Q5 (n=224) (11.31–37.60) | |||
|
| |||||||
| Participant characteristics | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P |
| Age (years) | 56.8 (8.6) | 55.0 (7.7) | 56.6 (9.2) | 56.9 (8.4) | 56.9 (8.2) | 58.6 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 46.2 | 54.7 | 55.4 | 46.2 | 41.5 | 33.0 | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||||
| White | 44.2 | 43.1 | 42.4 | 43.6 | 50.0 | 42.0 | 0.44 |
| Chinese | 16.0 | 14.2 | 18.8 | 16.9 | 12.9 | 17.4 | |
| Black | 17.6 | 16.4 | 14.7 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 21.0 | |
| Hispanic | 22.1 | 26.2 | 24.1 | 21.8 | 18.8 | 19.6 | |
| Pack years of smoking | 8.8 (17.7) | 7.9 (16.6) | 7.1 (15.9) | 9.7 (17.0) | 10.5 (22.2) | 8.6 (15.7) | 0.24 |
| Former drinker (%) | 37.8 | 39.1 | 41.1 | 41.3 | 30.4 | 37.1 | 0.41 |
| Current drinker (%) | 47.7 | 46.7 | 46.4 | 44.9 | 53.1 | 47.3 | |
| Activity (MET-hr/wk) | 99.7 (77.0) | 116.6 (95.7) | 101.1 (79.2) | 97.2 (72.7) | 93.8 (68.8) | 89.9 (62.3) | 0.003 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (4.6) | 27.0 (4.0) | 27.0 (5.0) | 26.5 (4.5) | 26.6 (4.6) | 26.4 (4.7) | 0.55 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 113.5 (13.3) | 112.5 (11.6) | 114.9 (14.4) | 111.9 (12.9) | 114.8 (14.4) | 113.6 (12.7) | 0.05 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 67.7 (8.1) | 68.7 (7.7) | 69.1 (8.2) | 67.1 (8.2) | 67.5 (8.3) | 66.3 (7.8) | 0.03 |
| Cumulative Systolic BP (mm Hg | 1075.6 (145.8) | 1063.2 (127.1) | 1080.1 (159.8) | 1069.6 (132.8) | 1091.2 (157.4) | 1074 (148.9) | 0.31 |
| Cumulative Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 639.6 (89.8) | 648.2 (84.4) | 647.5 (91.1) | 639.5 (85.3) | 639.2 (94.7) | 623.8 (91.7) | 0.03 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 83.0 (8.7) | 83.3 (8.0) | 84.3 (9.1) | 82 (8.6) | 83.3 (9.3) | 82.1 (8.3) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 0.90 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.7 (28.8) | 193.0 (26.0) | 193.5 (28.6) | 196.8 (31.7) | 198.1 (29.1) | 197 (28.2) | 0.23 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 54.3 (15.6) | 54.5 (15.6) | 52.9 (15.9) | 53.1 (14.0) | 56.0 (17.2) | 54.8 (15.3) | 0.21 |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 81.3 (12.5) | 82.6 (12.2) | 81.9 (13.0) | 81.5 (11.7) | 81.2 (12.5) | 79.3 (12.7) | 0.07 |
| Log-CRP (mg/L) | 0.4 (1.1) | 0.2 (1.1) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.3 (1.2) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.01 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 64.0 (7.7) | 64.3 (7.5) | 64.6 (8.0) | 64.2 (7.6) | 63.8 (7.5) | 63.2 (7.8) | 0.34 |
| Baseline menopause (% female) | 71.7 | 63.7 | 70.0 | 69.4 | 76.3 | 76.0 | 0.17 |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; MET, Metabolic Equivalent of Task; SD, standard deviation; Q, quintiles. Continuous variables were averaged across 5 visits. Individuals identified as diabetic at least once across 5 visits were considered as diabetic.