Table 3.
Multivariate regression for the association between long-term systolic blood pressure standard deviation and ten-year change in distensibility coefficient and Young’s elastic modulus.
| N=1122 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | Coef. (95% CI) | |
| Outcome: Percent change in DC | |||
| Continuous SD-SBP (mm Hg) | −1.15 (−1.68, −0.62)‡ | −0.75 (−1.32, −0.18)† | −0.73 (−1.25, −0.22)† |
| Quintile of SD-SBP (mm Hg) | |||
| 1st quintile (0.84–4.88) (ref) | |||
| 2nd quintile (4.90–6.67) | −1.32 (−8.60, 5.95) | −1.74 (−8.79, 5.31) | −3.36 (−9.70, 2.98) |
| 3rd quintile (6.68–8.80) | −1.21 (−8.55, 6.13) | −1.38 (−8.53, 5.77) | −1.28 (−7.70, 5.15) |
| 4th quintile (8.81–12.13) | 0.46 (−7.07, 7.99) | −0.13 (−7.57, 7.32) | −0.81 (−7.51, 5.88) |
| 5th quintile (12.16–33.11) | −13.16 (−20.74, −5.59)‡ | −8.64 (−16.56, −0.77)* | −9.84 (−16.96, −2.72)† |
| Trend P-value | 0.005 | 0.11 | 0.049 |
| Outcome: Percent change in YEM | |||
| Continuous SD-SBP (mm Hg) | 3.21 (2.38, 4.04)‡ | 2.86 (1.96, 3.76)‡ | 2.86 (2.03, 3.70)‡ |
| Quintile of SD-SBP (mm Hg) | |||
| 1st quintile (0.84–4.88) (ref) | |||
| 2nd quintile (4.90–6.67) | 2.92 (−8.55, 14.39) | 3.62 (−7.59, 14.83) | 4.06 (−6.39, 14.50) |
| 3rd quintile (6.68–8.80) | 1.06 (−10.51, 12.63) | 1.74 (−9.63, 13.11) | 0.89 (−9.70, 11.48) |
| 4th quintile (8.81–12.13) | 12.88 (1.02, 24.75)* | 14.41 (2.57, 26.25)* | 14.61 (3.58, 25.64)† |
| 5th quintile (12.16–33.11) | 31.57 (19.63, 43.51)‡ | 26.81 (14.21, 39.40)‡ | 27.53 (15.79, 39.27)‡ |
| Trend P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
P-value:
<0.05,
≤0.01,
≤0.001.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Coef., regression coefficient; DC, distensibility coefficient; ref, reference group; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, study center, and menopausal status at baseline, and averaged pack years, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index, heart rate, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, glomerular filtration rate, c-reactive protein across visits 1 to 5 and diabetes status across visits 1 to 5. Model 2 adjusted for model 1 variables, baseline mean arterial pressure, averaged mean arterial pressure across visits 1 to 5, and cumulative exposure to systolic BP from visit 1 to visit 5. Model 3 adjusted for model 2 variables and baseline DC or YEM.