Table 1.
Effects of acute and chronic stress on decision making.
Category | Study | Results | Decision-making paradigm |
---|---|---|---|
Reward | Bogdan & Pizzagalli, 2006 | Hyposensitive to reward | Signal detection task |
Elman et al., 2009 | Hyposensitive to reward | Wheel of fortune–type task | |
Ossewaarde et al., 2011 | Hyposensitive to reward | Monetary incentive delay task | |
Lighthall et al., 2012 | Greater reward collection and faster responses in males Less reward collection and slower responses in females |
Balloon analogue risk task | |
Nikolova et al., 2012 | Hyposensitive to reward | Number guessing paradigm | |
Porcelli et al., 2012 | Hyposensitive to reward# | Card guessing task | |
Oei et al., 2014 | Hyposensitive to reward | Masked sexual stimuli | |
Montoya et al., 2014 | Hyposensitive to reward | Monetary incentive delay task | |
Lewis et al., 2014 | Hypersensitive to reward magnitude | Pavlovian conditioning task | |
Punishment and threat | Petzold et al., 2010 | Reduced use of negative feedback | Probabilistic learning task |
Robinson et al., 2013 | Increased aversive prediction error signals | The “What's in the box?” task | |
Cavanagh et al., 2011 | Better punishment learning | Probabilistic learning task | |
Gullo and Stieger, 2011 | Increasing sensitivity to losses | Iowa Gambling Task | |
Roelofs et al., 2007 | Vigilant to the angry faces | Angry and happy faces task | |
van Wingen et al., 2011 | Increased reactivity to threat | Angry and happy faces task | |
Akinola and Mendes, 2012 | Heightened sensitivity to potential danger | Shooting targets task | |
Jackson et al., 2006 | Facilitate fear conditioning in males Inhibit fear conditioning in females |
Fear conditioning | |
Stark et al., 2006 | Facilitate fear conditioning in males Inhibit fear conditioning in females |
Fear conditioning | |
Tabbert et al., 2010 | Enhance fear responses in females | Fear conditioning | |
Merz et al., 2012 | No effect on fear conditioning/extinction | Fear conditioning | |
Klucken et al., 2013 | Weak gene and stressful life events interaction | Fear conditioning | |
Merz et al., 2013a | Facilitate fear conditioning in men and women taking oral contraceptives | Fear conditioning | |
Merz et al., 2013b | Impaired fear conditioning in men and facilitated fear conditioning in women taking oral contraceptives | Fear conditioning | |
Antov et al., 2013 | Attenuate fear conditioning after 2nd wave and facilitate fear conditioning after 1st wave in men | Fear conditioning | |
Merz et al., 2014 | Attenuates fear retrieval in men | Fear conditioning | |
Risk | Preston et al., 2007 | Risk seeking in males Risk averse in females |
Iowa gambling task |
van den Bos et al., 2009 | Risk seeking in males U shape in females |
Iowa gambling task | |
Mather et al., 2009 | Risk averse in elderly | Iowa gambling task | |
Zhang et al., 2011 | Poorer performance only in formerly heroin-dependent patients | Iowa gambling task | |
Starcke et al., 2008 | Risk seeking | Game of Dice Task | |
Pabst et al., 2013b | Risk seeking | Game of Dice Task | |
Pabst et al., 2013a | Reduced reflection effect in loss framing | Game of Dice task | |
Gathmann et al., 2014 | Risk seeking | Game of Dice Task | |
Lighthall et al., 2009 | Risk seeking in males Risk averse in females |
Balloon analogue risk task | |
Kandasamy et al., 2014 | Risk averse | Financial choices in the field | |
Porcelli and Delgado, 2009 | Enhanced reflection effect | Financial decision-making task | |
Cueva et al., 2015 | Risk seeking | Asset trading game | |
Haushofer et al., 2013 | No effect on delay discounting | Delay discounting task | |
Cognitive control | Raio et al., 2013 | Impaired emotion regulation | Fear learning |
Schwabe and Wolf, 2009 | More habitual choices | Instrumental learning | |
Schwabe et al., 2011 | More habitual choices | Instrumental learning | |
Dias-Ferreira et al., 2009∗ | More habitual choices | Instrumental learning | |
Soares et al., 2012∗ | More habitual choices | Instrumental learning | |
Kassam et al., 2009 | More habitual choices | Anchor and adjustment task | |
Maier et al., 2015 | More immediate gratification | Food choice task | |
Seehagen et al., 2015 | More habitual responses in infants | Instrumental learning task. | |
Margittai et al., 2015a | More intuitive thinking | cognitive reflection test | |
Prosocial tendency | Takahashi et al., 2007 | Give more | Dictator's game |
Vinkers et al., 2013 | Give less | Dictator's game | |
von Dawans et al., 2012 | Share more | Trust game | |
McGinley et al., 2010 | Greater anonymous prosocial tendency Less costly prosocial tendency |
Survey | |
Starcke et al., 2012 | Less utilitarian | Moral dilemmas | |
Youssef et al., 2012 | Less utilitarian | Moral dilemmas | |
Starcke et al., 2011 | More egoistic | Everyday Moral Decision-Making | |
Leder et al., 2013 | Reduced emtalizing | Beauty contest game | |
Smeets et al., 2009 | Enhanced metalizing in males Reduced metalizing in females |
Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition | |
Margittai et al., 2015b | Increased generosity towards close but not distant others | Social discounting task |
∗Animal studies.
#Another possibility is hypersensitivity to punishment.