Table 2. Functionally enriched terms among all significantly up/down regulated in Spalax vs. rat, in the brain.

Category	Term (LR-Path RNA-enrich)	adj. p value	Background	DE
Significantly upregulated (spalax > rat)	(I) DNA Replication	1.3E-02	70	48
	(I) DNA metabolic process	1.0E-02	647	273
	(I) DNA Repair	2.2E-02	98	76
	(I) DNA Damage	3.8E-02	100	79
	(I) MCM complex	1.6E-02	8	6
	(II) condensed chromosome kinetochore	9.3E-03	9	8
	(II) nuclear chromosome	9.3E-03	227	126
	(II) condensed chromosome, centromeric region	1.9E-02	13	11
	(II) nuclear chromosome part	3.7E-02	209	116
	(II) Centromere	1.4E-02	24	18
	(II) Chromosome Maintenance	3.1E-02	27	22
	(II) CDK Regulation of DNA Replication	2.8E-02	9	7
	(III) heme-copper terminal oxidase activity	8.5E-03	5	3
Significantly downregulated (spalax < rat)	(IV) Ubiquitin proteasome pathway	3.8E-02	27	16
	(IV) HECT-domain (ubiquitin-transferase)	1.8E-02	17	8
	(IV) Ubiquitins	1.8E-02	77	48
	(IV) unfolded protein binding	8.5E-03	38	27
	(IV) proteasome regulatory particle	7.7E-03	12	8
	(V) NADH dehydrogenase complex	1.9E-02	21	11
	(V) mitochondrial respiratory chain	2.4E-02	22	12
	(V) mitochondrial inner membrane	2.4E-02	200	111
	(V) respiratory chain	2.4E-02	40	13
	(V) NADH dehydrogenase activity	1.7E-02	15	8
	(V) Hexokinase	5.0E-03	6	4
	(V) Parkinson’s disease	1.0E-03	43	28
	(VI) anion channel activity	2.8E-02	38	19
	(VI) sodium channel regulator activity	8.5E-03	18	9
	(VII) extracellular vesicular exosome	2.9E-03	1142	791

The table shows significantly enriched terms among all significantly up- or down-regulated genes, in Spalax vs. rat, using the tool LR-Path RNA-enrich. This tool corrects for read-counts biases (Methods). In this test all significantly regulated genes were defined as DE (for all fold-change differences); Terms column: groups of functionally-related terms are marked in Roman numerals. Significant p-values are underlined.