Table 5.
Clinical Features of Children With Danger Signs Presenting to Community Health Workers in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda
| Clinical Feature | Burkina Faso n = 139 | % | Nigeria n = 24 | % | Uganda n = 3 | % | Total N = 166 | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline symptoms | ||||||||
| No CNS symptomsa | 104 | 74.8 | 3 | 12.5 | 2 | 66.7 | 109 | 65.7 |
| Cerebral malaria repeated convulsions, altered consciousness, or coma | 35 | 25.2 | 21 | 87.5 | 1 | 33.3 | 57 | 34.3 |
| Malaria parasite detection | ||||||||
| RDT positive by CHWs | 82 | 62.1 | 24 | 100.0 | 2 | 66.7 | 108 | 67.9 |
| Missing RDT at baseline | 7 | 5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 4.2 |
| RDT positive repeated test at referral facility | 100 | 79.4 | 3 | 100.0 | 2 | 66.7 | 105 | 79.5 |
| No repeat RDT at referral facility | 13 | 9.4 | 21 | 87.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 34 | 20.5 |
| Microscopy positive blood smear, baseline sample | … | 15 | 62.5 | … | … | |||
| No microscopy at baseline | … | 0 | 0.0 | … | … | |||
| Positive blood smear, sample at admission, read by expert | 28 | 30.1 | … | … | … | |||
| No microscopy at admission | 46 | 33.1 | … | … | … | |||
| Positive blood smear at admission, read by hospital technologist | 28 | 33.3 | 11 | 100.0 | 2 | 66.7 | 41 | 41.8 |
| No microscopy at hospital | 55 | 39.6 | 13 | 54.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 68 | 41.0 |
| Geometric mean parasite density/µL | 38 274 | 6296 | … | 24 711 | ||||
| Minimum parasite density/µL | 6935 | 600 | … | 600 | ||||
| Maximum parasite density/µL | 653 395 | 29 600 | … | 653 395 | ||||
| Mean delay in seeking treatment, h | ||||||||
| No. with time available | 135 | 97.1 | 24 | 100.0 | 3 | 100.0 | 162 | 97.6 |
| Median (IQR) | 22.9 (8.2–47.3) | 17.5 (3.8–28.0) | 20 (6.5–24) | 22.2 (8.1–47.0) | ||||
| Treatment outcome | ||||||||
| Alive and well | 134 | 96.4 | 20 | 83.3 | 3 | 100.0 | 157 | 94.6 |
| Alive and hospitalized | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 8.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.2 |
| Died | 5 | 3.6 | 2 | 8.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 4.2 |
| Total | 139 | 24 | 3 | 166 | ||||
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CHW, community health worker; CNS, central nervous system; IQR, interquartile range; RDT, rapid diagnostic test.
a Children with repeated vomiting; unable to eat, drink, or suck; prostrated (unable to sit, stand, or walk unaided).