Table 4.
Difference between the poorest (Q1) and richest (Q5) wealth quintiles in adjusted estimatesa for hypertension burden and management in the PURE cohort, by country (ordered by 2006 GDP)
| Country | Hypertension % of all participants |
Hypertension awareness % of hypertensive participants |
Hypertension treatment % of hypertensive participants |
Hypertension control % of hypertensive participants |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q5 | Difference [95% CI] |
p-value | Q1 | Q5 | Difference [95% CI] |
p-value | Q1 | Q5 | Difference [95% CI] |
p-value | Q1 | Q5 | Difference [95% CI] |
p-value | |||||
| Canada | 38.5 | 34.2 | −4.3 | [-8.0--0.7] | 0.019 | 58.6 | 52.1 | −6.5 | [-12.5--0.6] | 0.031 | 55.6 | 51.8 | −3.7 | [-9.8–2.4] | 0.229 | 21.8 | 24.9 | 3.0 | [-2.0–8.0] | 0.240 |
| Sweden | 46.5 | 46.3 | −0.2 | [-5.4–5.0] | 0.941 | 37.8 | 34.1 | −3.7 | [-10.8–3.4] | 0.305 | 34.1 | 26.8 | −7.3 | [-14.1--0.5] | 0.034 | 9.7 | 6.9 | −2.8 | [-6.7–1.1] | 0.161 |
| UAE | 46.5 | 50.7 | 4.2 | [-7.3–15.6] | 0.476 | 45.1 | 55.9 | 10.9 | [-4.6–26.3] | 0.168 | 46.8 | 52.9 | 6.1 | [-9.5–21.6] | 0.444 | 7.2 | 12.2 | 5.0 | [-3.9–13.9] | 0.271 |
| Saudi Arabia | 28.2 | 26.9 | −1.3 | [-8.6–6.0] | 0.730 | 70.2 | 70.4 | 0.2 | [-14.0–14.3] | 0.983 | 68.4 | 66.4 | −2.0 | [-16.7–12.7] | 0.788 | 23.8 | 37.5 | 13.8 | [0.2–27.4] | 0.047 |
| Argentina | 51.2 | 46.7 | −4.6 | [-8.6--0.5] | 0.028 | 57.9 | 52.7 | −5.2 | [-10.5–0.2] | 0.060 | 49.9 | 49.3 | −0.6 | [-6.1–4.8] | 0.816 | 13.1 | 12.5 | −0.6 | [-4.0–2.8] | 0.734 |
| Brazil | 53.9 | 52.7 | −1.2 | [-6.2–3.7] | 0.634 | 67.7 | 60.4 | −7.3 | [-13.7--0.9] | 0.025 | 67.1 | 62.3 | −4.8 | [-11.7–2.0] | 0.168 | 26.1 | 22.2 | −3.9 | [-10.1–2.3] | 0.213 |
| Chile | 45.2 | 45.3 | 0.1 | [-6.9–7.1] | 0.981 | 60.6 | 60.0 | −0.6 | [-10.2–9.0] | 0.902 | 50.3 | 51.9 | 1.6 | [-8.7–11.9] | 0.757 | 16.4 | 19.0 | 2.6 | [-4.6–9.8] | 0.473 |
| Malaysia | 42.8 | 42.7 | −0.2 | [-3.5–3.1] | 0.926 | 44.4 | 51.0 | 6.6 | [1.6–11.6] | 0.010 | 36.6 | 41.5 | 4.9 | [0.0–9.8] | 0.052 | 9.8 | 12.2 | 2.5 | [-0.6–5.5] | 0.110 |
| Poland | 69.2 | 73.8 | 4.7 | [-3.3–12.6] | 0.248 | 54.2 | 46.0 | −8.3 | [-18.9–2.4] | 0.128 | 53.4 | 42.1 | −11.3 | [-22.0--0.6] | 0.038 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 0.4 | [-4.6–5.5] | 0.869 |
| South Africa | 59.9 | 59.3 | −0.6 | [-7.2–6.0] | 0.855 | 21.4 | 34.1 | 12.7 | [5.0–20.4] | 0.001 | 27.7 | 38.1 | 10.4 | [2.6–18.1] | 0.009 | 2.0 | 9.3 | 7.2 | [3.8–10.7] | 0.000 |
| Turkey | 37.5 | 31.4 | −6.1 | [-11.3--0.8] | 0.023 | 56.3 | 57.1 | 0.7 | [-7.8–9.3] | 0.864 | 49.4 | 50.4 | 1.0 | [-7.6–9.6] | 0.820 | 17.6 | 22.2 | 4.5 | [-2.2–11.2] | 0.185 |
| China | 40.8 | 38.4 | −2.4 | [-4.3--0.6] | 0.009 | 39.2 | 44.8 | 5.7 | [2.8–8.5] | 0.000 | 26.7 | 34.0 | 7.3 | [4.7–9.9] | 0.000 | 4.1 | 7.7 | 3.6 | [2.2–4.9] | 0.000 |
| Philippines | 43.0 | 58.6 | 15.6 | [4.1–27.1] | 0.008 | 44.7 | 69.7 | 25.0 | [9.1–40.9] | 0.002 | 34.1 | 64.5 | 30.4 | [14.4–46.3] | 0.000 | 4.8 | 26.1 | 21.3 | [9.1–33.5] | 0.001 |
| Colombia | 34.8 | 32.9 | −1.9 | [-6.6–2.7] | 0.416 | 46.4 | 59.0 | 12.6 | [4.5–20.7] | 0.002 | 38.4 | 53.6 | 15.3 | [7.1–23.4] | 0.000 | 10.9 | 19.5 | 8.6 | [2.7–14.6] | 0.004 |
| Iran | 25.3 | 20.2 | −5.1 | [-9.2--1.0] | 0.015 | 53.3 | 58.1 | 4.8 | [-5.3–14.8] | 0.350 | 49.8 | 55.9 | 6.0 | [-4.2–16.2] | 0.246 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 2.2 | [-5.0–9.3] | 0.554 |
| OPT | 37.8 | 33.7 | −4.1 | [-13.1–4.8] | 0.368 | 62.2 | 52.1 | −10.1 | [-25.1–4.9] | 0.188 | 60.0 | 51.3 | −8.7 | [-23.5–6.1] | 0.250 | 17.3 | 13.3 | −3.9 | [-13.8–5.9] | 0.431 |
| Bangladesh | 31.8 | 52.0 | 20.2 | [13.8–26.6] | 0.000 | 14.0 | 24.9 | 10.9 | [2.0–19.8] | 0.016 | 8.8 | 21.2 | 12.5 | [4.5–20.4] | 0.002 | 1.7 | 4.9 | 3.2 | [-0.6–7.0] | 0.101 |
| India | 13.6 | 35.4 | 21.9 | [19.2–24.6] | 0.000 | 27.2 | 48.0 | 20.8 | [16.3–25.3] | 0.000 | 20.9 | 43.0 | 22.1 | [17.7–26.6] | 0.000 | 8.9 | 15.0 | 6.1 | [3.2–9.1] | 0.000 |
| Pakistan | 29.8 | 31.7 | 1.8 | [-11.2–14.8] | 0.784 | 27.9 | 56.2 | 28.3 | [8.8–47.9] | 0.005 | 15.7 | 50.1 | 34.4 | [16.7–52.2] | 0.000 | 9.9 | 26.2 | 16.3 | [1.3–31.3] | 0.033 |
| Zimbabwe | 57.9 | 64.3 | 6.4 | [-10.2–23.1] | 0.449 | 43.1 | 51.1 | 8.0 | [-15.8–31.8] | 0.511 | 19.5 | 25.8 | 6.3 | [-11.9–24.5] | 0.497 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 3.7 | [-6.6–13.9] | 0.485 |
| Tanzania+ | 34.7 | 40.0 | 5.3 | [-6.7-17.2] | 0.389 | 9.7 | 5.1 | -4.5 | [-13.7-4.7] | 0.338 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 0.9 | [-5.7-7.5] | 0.790 | |||||
Q1 poorest wealth quintile, Q5 richest wealth quintile, UAE United Arab Emirates, OPT occupied Palestinian territory, CI confidence interval. Note: aIndirectly standardized for age and sex, and controlled for urban-rural location. + Adjusted estimates for hypertension control by wealth quintile in Tanzania could not be obtained due to the low number of positive outcomes