Table 2.
Organization of the surveillance systems by various characteristics
| System | Country (Year started) | Area of Service | Language | Data Source | Data access | User Interface | Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ProMED-Mail | USA (1994) | Worldwide [21] | 7 languages [26] | News/Media Report | Public | None | E-mail alert [37] |
| GPHIN | Canada (1997, 2004a) | Worldwide | 8 languages [26] | News/Media Report (Factiva and Al Bawaba) [41] | Restricted/Subscription [22] | Boolean and metadata query system [35] | Website/e-mail alert [22] |
| GOARN | Multipleb (2000) | Worldwide | English, multilingual [26] | News/Media Report | Restricted [26] | None | Network-based |
| MedISys | EU (2004) | European Union member states [42] | 43 languages [26] | News/Media Report [42] | Restricted/Limited to EU member states [42] | Text extraction [43] | RSS feed/E-mail and SMS alerts [44] |
| Europe Media Monitor | |||||||
| EpiSimS | USA (2005) | United States | English | US Census data [45] | Restricted | Graphical user interface; simulation pre-processing [45–48] | XML-based format |
| Transformation infrastructure data | |||||||
| BioCaster | Japan (2006) | Priority to Asia-Pacific region [33] | 8 languages [26] | Query | Public [49] | Mapping interface [13] | RSS feed [13] |
| Text mining [13] | |||||||
| EpiSPIDER | USA (2006) | North America, Europe, Australia, Asia | English [26] | News/Media Report | Public | Timeline visualization mapping and word cloud [33] | RSS, JSON, KM feeds [6, 50] |
| Social Media | |||||||
| CIA [51] | |||||||
| Health Map | USA (2006) | Worldwide | 5 languages [26] | Query | Public | Mapping, faceted browsing (native) [52] | RSS feed [18] |
| News/Media Report [52] | |||||||
| ProMED, WHO, Euro Surveillance [53] | |||||||
| Google Flu Trends | United States (2008) | 28 countries [54] | 39 languages [54] | Query [55] | Public [56] | Mapping features [18] | RSS feed [18] |
| CDC [57] | |||||||
| GET WELL | Sweden (2010) | Sweden | Swedish | Query [24, 58] | Restricted [24] | Time-series graphs [24] | HTML page [36] |
| Influenzanet | Europe (2008) | The Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, the UK, France, Sweden, Spain, Ireland, Denmark, Switzerland [59] | 10 languages | Self-report from volunteer (online questionnaire response) [39] | Public [60] | None | RSS feed [61] |
aGPHIN was first established in 1997 but a new, robust multilingual GPHIN system was developed and launched on November 17, 2004 at the United Nations [22]
bGOARN is a network collaboration between the World Health Organization and the United Nations