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. 2016 Dec 9;6:38558. doi: 10.1038/srep38558

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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Snapshots at subsequent times (from (a) to (d)) of a typical polymer translocation instance. Snapshot a) follows the initialization step, performed by immobilizing the first monomer at the center of the nanopore, and letting the polymer explore the conformations space restricted by the presence of the membrane at the cis side (z < 0). At time t = 0 (a) the pulling force is switched on, and the translocation process starts. The translocation is considered as completed, (d), when all the polymer beads are on the trans side of the membrane. The colors for the beads are those of Fig. 1.