Table 2. Comparison of clinical characteristics between the cerebral microbleeds (+) group and (−) group.
| Variable | Cerebral microbleeds |
|
|---|---|---|
| − (n = 206) | + (n = 73) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| Age (years) ± SD | 69.5 ± 5.9 | 70.2 ± 6.5 |
| Age (range) | 59–89 | 54–87 |
| Sex (Male) | 140 (68) | 49 (67) |
| BMI (kg/m2) ± SD | 22.5 ± 2.7 | 23.4 ± 3.6* |
| Hypertension | 102 (50) | 43 (59) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 118 (57) | 47 (64) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27 (13) | 8 (11) |
| History of stroke | 2 (1.0) | 3 (4.1) |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 8 (3.9) | 6 (8.2) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 17 (8.3) | 12 (16) |
| Anticoagulant therapy | 7 (3.4) | 4 (5.5) |
| Drinking | 140 (68) | 41 (56) |
| Smoking | 26 (13) | 5 (6.8) |
| Education ≤12 yearsa | 108 (53) | 42 (60) |
| baPWV (m/s) ± SD | 1728 ± 306.9 | 1760 ± 298.9 |
| hs-CRP ≥ 0.1 mg/dL | 55 (27) | 22 (30) |
| Dental check-up findings | ||
| Number of remaining teeth ± SD | 22.9 ± 7.2 | 22.3 ± 8.3 |
| Dental caries+ | 60 (29) | 26 (36) |
| CPI ≥ code 3 | 50 (24) | 27 (37)* |
| Laboratory evaluations | ||
| APOE ε4 allele carrierb | 46 (23) | 12 (17) |
| Streptococcus mutans-isolated | 192 (93) | 69 (95) |
| cnm-positive S. mutans-isolated | 37 (18) | 54 (74)** |
| Collagen binding activity ≥10% | 28 (14) | 43 (59)** |
| Brain MRI findings | ||
| Distribution of CMBs | ||
| Deep (%) | — | 44 (60) |
| Lobar (%) | — | 20 (27) |
| Mixed (%) | — | 9 (12) |
| PVH ≥ grade 2 | 24 (12) | 11 (15) |
| DWMH ≥ grade 2 | 50 (24) | 27 (37)* |
| Cognitive functional evaluations | ||
| MMSE (score) ± SD | 28.5 ± 2.2 | 27.9 ± 2.0* |
| Letter fluency tasks | ||
| “Ta” (score) ± SD | 8.5 ± 3.5 | 7.6 ± 2.9* |
| “Ka” (score) ± SD | 10.0 ± 3.5 | 9.2 ± 3.0 |
*T-tests p < 0.05 and Chi-square tests p < 0.05, **T-tests p < 0.01 and Chi-square tests p < 0.01.
aData are missing for education (n = 4). bData are missing for APOE genotype (n = 7).
BMI; Body mass index, CPI; Community Periodontal Index, CMBs; Cerebral microbleeds.
PVH; Periventricular Hyperintensity, DWMH; Deep White Matter Hyperintensity, MMSE; Mini-Mental State Examination.