Table 4.
Risk factors (adjusted odds ratios) for clinical malaria (cases) compared with age- and location-matched non-malaria (controls) among children under 5 years of age from urban and peri-urban health facilities of Blantyre city, Malawi, sampled between April 2012 and October 2015
| Characteristic | OR (Ncases = 175, NControls = 275) | 95% CI | P value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | |||
| Slept away from home; n (%) | 0.02** | ||
| In the urban* setting | 2.36 | (1.31, 4.2) | |
| In the peri-urban* setting | 1.17 | (0.64, 2.15) | |
| Household with electricity | 0.57 | (0.31, 1.06) | 0.08 |
| Tertiary education | 0.59 | (0.36, 0.96) | 0.03 |
| Model 2 | |||
| PC 1 (House finishing/ piped water score) | 0.80 | (0.66, 0.97) | 0.02 |
| Slept away from home; n (%) | 0.04** | ||
| In the urban* setting | 2.3 | (1.28, 4.11) | |
| In the peri-urban* setting | 1.19 | (0.65, 2.20) | |
| House with electricity | 0.76 | (0.39, 1.47) | 0.41 |
| Tertiary education | 0.67 | (0.41, 1.12) | 0.12 |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
* Urban areas considered Bangwe, Ndirande, Zingwangwa and Chilomoni HFs; peri-urban areas are Chileka and Mpemba HFs
** P value for the interaction between urban vs. peri-urban and slept away from home
‡P values, OR, and 95% CI were estimated through conditional logistic regression to account for matching strata