Table 2. Description of the dataset used in a meta-analysis of seed-applied neonicotinoid effects on natural enemies of crop pests.
| No insecticide control | Pyrethroid control | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Levels | Studies | Site-years | Obs. (%)a | Studies | Site-years | Obs. (%)a |
| Taxonomic group | Insects | 20 | 56 | 493 (81%) | 8 | 15 | 313 (82%) |
| Non-insect arthropods | 14 | 30 | 114 (19%) | 6 | 11 | 71 (18%) | |
| Habitat | Soil-associated | 11 | 26 | 189 (31%) | 6 | 10 | 156 (41%) |
| Aboveground | 15 | 48 | 418 (69%) | 5 | 11 | 228 (59%) | |
| Functional group | Omnivore | 6 | 13 | 39 (6%) | 4 | 8 | 41 (11%) |
| Mixed | 12 | 32 | 79 (13%) | 5 | 8 | 46 (12%) | |
| Predator | 17 | 48 | 408 (67%) | 8 | 15 | 262 (68%) | |
| Parasitoid | 7 | 27 | 81 (13%) | 2 | 6 | 35 (9%) | |
| Active ingredient | Imidacloprid | 11 | 29 | 336 (55%) | 6 | 12 | 279 (73%) |
| Clothianidin/Thiamethoxam | 13 | 35 | 271 (45%) | 6 | 10 | 105 (27%) | |
| Crop species | Corn | 7 | 20 | 300 (49%) | 4 | 10 | 244 (64%) |
| Soybeans | 7 | 22 | 200 (33%) | 2 | 5 | 114 (30%) | |
| Other | 6 | 14 | 107 (18%) | 2 | 3 | 26 (7%) | |
| Publication status | Peer-reviewed journal | 13 | 36 | 459 (76%) | 6 | 12 | 358 (93%) |
| Diss./Thesis/Other | 7 | 20 | 148 (24%) | 2 | 3 | 26 (7%) | |
| Pyrethroid application | Soil-based | – | – | – | 5 | 8 | 159 (41%) |
| Foliar | – | – | – | 4 | 10 | 225 (59%) | |
| TOTAL | 20 | 56 | 607 (100%) | 8 | 15 | 384 (100%) | |
Notes.
a
Number of observations in each category, followed by the percentage of values in the dataset in that category.