TABLE 1.
Clinical data, PFGE types, antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles, Tn1546 types, and frequency of transfer of studied traits for vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis clones isolated in hospitals located in three different geographical areas of Portugala
| Hospital and PFGE type | No. of isolates | Date of isolation (mo/yr) | Ward | Sourceb | Antibiotic resistance profilec
|
Transfer frequencyd | Tn1546 type | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAN | TEC | ERY | CIP | GEN | KAN | STR | TET | CHL | |||||||
| HSA | |||||||||||||||
| B | 1 | 6/01 | ICU | Urine | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−5 | PP4 | ||
| B2 | 9 | 1/01-10/02 | Obstetrics, cardiac surgery, hematology, nephrology, general surgery, internal medicine | Urine (6), Pus (2), Blood (1) | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | Rf | Re | 10−7-10−8 | PP15 |
| B2 | 2 | 3/02-4/02 | ICU, internal medicine B | Urine | R | R | R | R | R | 10−6-10−7 | PP16 | ||||
| B2 | 1 | 12/02 | ICU | Blood | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | ND | PP5 | ||
| B3 | 2 | 3/01-7/01 | ICU, obstetrics | Pus, urine | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−7-10−8 | PP15 |
| B4 | 1 | 11/01 | Urology | Urine | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−7 | PP15 | |
| K | 1 | 9/01 | Urology | Pus | R | R | R | R | 10−4 | A | |||||
| C | 1 | 11/01 | Urology | Pus | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−8 | PP15 | |
| F | 1 | 11/02 | Skull trauma | Blood | R | R | R | 10−7 | PP5 | ||||||
| HST | |||||||||||||||
| B | 1 | 8/01 | Internal medicine 2A | Unknown | R | R | R | R | R | R | ND | ||||
| B | 1 | 3/02 | Internal medicine 1A | Unknown | R | R | R | R | R | ND | |||||
| B1′ | 1 | 11/01 | Nephrology | Urine | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−4 | PP4 |
| B3′′ | 1 | 3/02 | Neurosurgery | Unknown | R | R | R | R | ND | ||||||
| B3′ | 1 | 4/02 | Internal medicine 2B | Urine | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−5 | PP4 | |||
| A | 1 | 1/02 | Orthopedics | Urine | R | R | R | R | R | 10−5 | PP4 | ||||
| HUC | |||||||||||||||
| B | 1 | 1996 | Liver transplant | Unknown | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−8 | PP4 | |
| B | 1 | 10/01 | Hematology | Blood | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−6 | PP2 | |
| B1 | 1 | 7/01 | Nephrology | Exudate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−7 | PP4 | |
| B1 | 1 | 10/01 | General surgery 3M | Urine | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−6 | PP5 | |
| B5 | 3 | 1/99-6/00 | Nephrology | Unknown, blood (2) | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−8 | PP4 | |
| N | 1 | 11/99 | Nephrology | Blood | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−5 | PP4 | ||
| X | 1 | 2/00 | Nephrology | Unknown | R | R | R | 10−6 | PP4 | ||||||
| Q | 1 | 5/01 | Nephrology | Blood | R | R | R | 10−5 | PP4 | ||||||
| G | 1 | 4/02 | Liver transplant | Blood | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 10−6 | PP4 | ||
Abbreviations: R, resistant; ND, transfer experiments not done; ICU, intensive care unit; VAN, vancomycin; TEC, teicoplanin; ERY, erythromycin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; GEN, HLRGm; KAN, HLRKm; STR, high-level resistance to streptomycin; TET, tetracycline; CHL, chloramphenicol.
The numbers of isolates are indicated in parentheses.
Underscores indicate that antibiotic resistance was detected in transconjugants.
Transfer frequency is expressed as the number of transconjugants per number of donors.
All except two isolates were resistant.
Only three isolates were resistant.