Table 1.

MiRNAs in Cell-to-Cell Communication: Metabolic disease

function	Secretion cells	Target cells	miRNA	miRNA targets	References
Cardiovascular event
Anti-angiogenic regulation	Diabetic cardiomyocytes	mouse cardiac ECs	miR-320	IGF-1, Hsp20, Ets2	30
Angiogenesis	ADSCs	ECs	miR-126	MAPK pathway Spred1 Erk1/2	36
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: NAFLD
Dysregulation of TGF-β pathway members Pathogenesis of NAFLD.	Adipocytes	HCCs HSCs	obese individual’s exosome: miR148b, miR-4269 miR-23b, miR-4429	TGF-b pathway	44, 45
Suppression of fibrogenic signaling	HSCs	HSCs	Twist1	miR-214, CCN2	47, 48
Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction
Insulin secretion and angiogenesis	Human islet cells	Human islet ECs	miR-27b, miR-126, miR-130, miR-296		50
Induce apoptosis	MIN6B1 Rat insulinoma INS-1 derived 832/13 cells	β-cells	miRNAs (after cytokine treatment)		52
Proliferation of islet cells	Quadriceps cells (C57BL/6 mice with high palmitate diets)	MIN6B1	miR-16	Ptch1	53

ADSCs: adipose stromal cells, ECs: Endothelial cells, HSCs: hepatic stellate cells, MIN6B1: murine insulin-secreting cells