Table 2.

MiRNAs in Cell-to-Cell Communication: Cancer

Function	Secretion cells	Target cells	miRNA	miRNA targets	References
Cancer proliferation
Suppress anti-tumor genes	BCCs		miR-21	PTEN	65
Suppress anti-tumor genes	Glioblastoma malignant ascites		miR-21	PDCD4	10
Cell cycle progression	HCCs (serum of HCC patients)	HCCs, CCAs nomal cholangiocytes	miR-224	G1/S checkpoint	66, 67
Tumor proliferation	HCCs	HCCs	EV miRNAs	TAK1	69
Tumorigenesis, EMT	Stromal fibroblasts	PCCs	miR-409	RUS1, STAG2	70
Tumorigenesis	Mouse preadipocyte treated with Shikonin	BCCs	miR-140	SOX2/SOX9	33
Cancer microenvironment
ECs migration and tube formation	Leukemia cells	HUVECs	miR-92a	integrin α5	72
Angiogenesis	Metastatic BCCs	HUVECs	miR-210	Ephrin-A3	73
Angiogenesis	Leukemia cells	HUVECs	miR-210	Ephrin-A3	74
Angiogenesis	Colorectal cancer cells	HUVECs	miR-92a	Dickkopf-3	75
ECs migration and angiogenesis	Melanoma	HUVECs	miR-9	The JAK-STAT pathway SOCS5	76
Angiogenesis Tumor proliferation	chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells	HMEC-1	miR-146a		77
MAPK-induced ER repression	CAFs	ER-positive BCCs	miR-221/222	MAPK	78, 79
Immune suppression	HEK-293	Murine macrophage	miR-21, miR-29a	Directly bind Toll-like receptor	81
ECs migration and tube formation	Leukemia cells	HUVECs	miR-92a	integrin α5	72
Angiogenesis	Metastatic BCCs	HUVECs	miR-210	Ephrin-A3	73
Cancer invasion and metastasis
Increase invasive ability	Metastatic BCCs	Non-invasive mammary ECs	miR-10b	HOXD10 and KLF4	82
Promote cell migration	Monocytic leukemia cells	HMEC-1	miR-150	c-Myb	23
Disrupt endothelial barriers	Metastatic BCCs	HMVECs	miR-105	ZO-1	83
Transfer metastasis capability	Metastatic BCCs	Non-metastatic BCCs	miR-200 family	Zeb2, Sec23a	84
Metastasis	Colorectal cancer		miR-21	PDCD4	64
Premetastatic niche formation	Renal cancer stem cells	Lung cells (in vivo)	miR-200c, miR-92, miR-141, miR-29a, miR-650, miR-151		85
Premetastatic niche formation	Metastatic rat adenocarcinoma	Lymph node stroma cells, lung fibroblasts	miR-494, miR-542-3p	Cadherin-17	86
Regulate and promote invasiveness	TAMs(IL-4 activated M2 macrophage)	BCCs	miR-223	MEF2C	87
Impair blood-brain barrier	ECs	Metastatic BCCs	miR-181c	PDPK1	88
Anti-tumorigenesis
Inhibit cell growth	Human macrophages	HCCs	miR-142, miR-223	stathmin-1 IGF1R	60
Inhibit cell growth	Prostate ECs	PCCs	miR-143	KRAS	90
Inhibit cell growth and invasion	ECs	BCCs	miR-503	CCND2, CCND3	61
Anti-angiogenic action	BCCs (after treatment with DHA)	ECs	miR-23b, miR-320b	PLAU, AMOTL1, NRP1 and ETS2	91
Drug sensitivity
Acquire drug-resistance	Drug-resistant BCCs	Drug-sensitive BCCs	miR-100, miR-222, miR-30a		92
Increase chemo- sensitivity	TAMs	Hepa1-6 cells (tumor-bearing mice)	miR-142-3p	RAC1	93, 94
Induction of dormancy
Induce dormancy	BM-MSCs	Bone marrow-metastatic Human BCCs	miR-23b	MARCKS	96

BCCs: breast cancer cells, HCCs: hepatocellular carcinoma cells, CCAs: cholangiocarcinoma cells, PCCs: prostate cancer cells, EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, HUVECs: human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells, HMECs: human endothelial cells, CAFs: cancer associated fibroblasts, MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells, TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages, BM-MSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells