Table 2. Urinary sugar excretions (μmol) and ratios of the control group (n = 10) and synbiotic group (n = 10) at baseline without and with indomethacin challenge.

Values are presented as median and IQR (25-75th interquartile range). Urinary sugar excretions and ratios without indomethacin vs. with indomethacin were compared with the use of a Wilcoxon signed-rank test; L/R, lactulose/rhamnose; S/E, sucralose/erythritol.

Urinary sugar excretion	Control			Synbiotic
	Without indomethacin	With indomethacin	P-value	Without indomethacin	With indomethacin	P-value
0–5 h sucrose	6.84 [5.65–9.12]	9.67 [8.50–18.94]	0.022	7.24 [6.11–10.89]	13.28 [6.03–19.50]	0.333
0–5 h lactulose	6.19[5.14–7.24]	11.73[9.30–16.27]	0.005	14.08 [6.30–23.03]	18.92 [11.45–31.76]	0.139
0–5 h rhamnose	287 [216–336]	252 [163–327]	0.285	395 [280–603]	213 [241–358]	0.037
0–5 h L/R ratio	0.023[0.020–0.026]	0.061[0.042–0.074]	0.005	0.032 [0.022–0.043]	0.064 [0.046–0.106]	0.017
5–24 h sucralose	39.48 [31.54–93.49]	47.00[37.89–63.15]	0.799	59.29 [49.75–71.59]	54.29 [43.16–95.52]	0.445
5–24 h erythritol	3291 [2490–3523]	2731[2164–3073]	0.093	3163 [2483–3460]	2845 [1700–3469]	0.285
5–24 h S/E ratio	0.016 [0.011–0.023]	0.021 [0.012–0.024]	0.646	0.019 [0.014–0.023]	0.023 [0.014–0.047]	0.241