A) Arrows highlight mast cells close to periosteum (p) in Toluidine blue-stained sections of humerus of 12 month-old animals. B) Counting and determination of degranulation of Toluidine blue stained mast cells around of Mcpt4-/- (n = 3) and of wt (n = 4) bone as described in (A). C) Chloroacetate esterase-staining (red) stains Mcpt4 activity in wt mast cells (arrowheads, n = 3) but not in Mcpt4-/- mast cells (right panel, n = 4), on sections as described in (A). D) qPCR analysis of transcripts of the osteoblast marker Sp7 (osterix), the osteoclast marker Ctsk (cathepsin K) and of Mcpt4 (mast cell protease 4) in preparations of bone (n = 3) and marrow tissue (n = 3) of wt controls. E) qPCR analysis of the transcript levels of Mcpt4 in wt control at 7 months (n = 3) and 12 months (n = 4). Results are given as means ± SD. p < 0.05 * vs. intact Mcpt4-/-, p < 0.01 ## vs. degran. wt. (4B); p < 0.05 *, p < 0.01 ** and p < 0.001 *** vs. marrow (4D); p < 0.05 * vs 7 mo (4E).