Table 1. Anthropometric and laboratory characteristics of study subjects.
| Variables | Control (20) | T2DM (22) | NAFLD (22) | T2DM+NAFLD (22) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.40 ± 1.81 | 57.36 ± 1.58 | 52.23 ± 1.29 | 52.86 ± 1.33 | 0.072 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.92 ± 0.82 | 27.11 ± 0.81 | 29.34 ± 0.79b** | 30.69 ± 0.69c*** | <0.001 |
| Visceral Fat (mm) | 44.45 ± 3.82 | 62.14 ± 4.09a* | 70.82 ± 4.13b*** | 78.27 ± 4.31c*** | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.35 ± 3.92 | 136.27 ± 4.38 | 135.18 ± 3.28 | 142.23 ± 4.44c* | 0.009 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.30 ± 2.44 | 79.95 ± 2.20 | 84.77 ± 2.49 | 85.59 ± 1.92 | 0.036 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 89.9 (83.4–97.0) | 150.20 (123.1–191.6)b*** | 96.5 (87.2–101.7)d*** | 162.5 (128.2–187.1)c***,f*** | <0.001 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 3.20 (1.32–6.01) | 6.65 (2.45–9.19) | 8.65 (7.12–12.15)b** | 7.10 (4.58–11.04)c*** | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.83 ± 0.13 | 2.70 ± 0.35a** | 2.27 ± 0.25b* | 3.40 ± 0.45c*** | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 111.9 (90.8–156.1) | 146.4 (104.4–166.3) | 140.6 (93.7189.8) | 154.3 (113.8–196.0) | 0.099 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 184.07 ± 6.59 | 204.74 ± 10.65 | 203.71 ± 7.21 | 209.06 ± 7.80 | 0.197 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.21 ± 2.40 | 54.18 ± 2.59 | 51.55 ± 2.76 | 55.46 ± 2.35 | 0.688 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 108.26 ± 6.54 | 122.57 ± 9.49 | 121.00 ± 5.18 | 127.50 ± 9.20 | 0.388 |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 28.89 ± 1.22 | 31.76 ± 0.96 | 29.76 ± 1.36 | 32.63 ± 1.40 | 0.141 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.22 ± 0.06 | 1.27 ± 0.05 | 1.27 ± 0.03 | 1.26 ± 0.06 | 0.905 |
| AST (U/L) | 18.0 (15.2–20.4) | 16.4 (14.6–21.7) | 25.4 (20.3–33.3)b**,d** | 23.0 (20.0–28.2)c*,e* | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 16.2 (13.4–21.4) | 17.6 (13.4–27.3) | 31.6 (22.2–44.2)b**,d* | 38.2 (23.6–50.4)c***,e** | <0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 222.8 ± 11.2 | 257.9 ± 16.8 | 217.6 ± 12.0 | 231.0 ± 13.3 | 0.154 |
| ɣ-GT (U/L) | 18.3 (15.6–20.8) | 23.9 (20.4–36.7)a* | 32.7 (21.7–43.8)b*** | 37.0 (27.9–60.5)c*** | <0.001 |
| LS (kPa) | 3.78 ± 0.24 | 4.08 ± 0.37 | 6.30 ± 0.28b***,d*** | 7.25 ± 0.29c***,e*** | <0.001 |
| cIMT (mm) | .76 ± 0.02 | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 0.80 ± 0.02 | 0.88 ± 0.03c* | 0.006 |
| cIMT≥0.90mm [n (%)] | 1 (5) | 6 (27.3) | 2 (9.1) | 10 (45.5) | 0.005 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 4.90 ± 0.34 | 3.61 ± 0.30a* | 2.98 ± 0.24b*** | 3.59 ± 0.32c* | <0.001 |
| CTRP13 (ng/mL) | 3.67 ± 0.24 | 2.37 ± 0.21a*** | 2.10 ± 0.18b*** | 1.75 ± 0.15c*** | <0.001 |
a: Comparison between Control and T2DM
b: Comparison between Control and NAFLD
c: Comparison between Control T2DM-NAFLD
d: Comparison between T2DM and NAFLD
e: Comparison between T2DM and T2DM+NAFLD and
f: Comparison between NAFLD and T2DM+NAFLD.
*P < 0.05
**P < 0.01
***P < 0.001.