Table 1.
Demographic and Baseline Clinical Characteristics of the Subjects
| Placebo Group (n = 34) | ACE-I Group (n = 31) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, % female | 41 | 55 | 0.27 |
| Age, yr | 68 (7) | 66 (10) | 0.28 |
| ACE genotype (II, ID, DD), % | 21, 47, 32 | 23, 42, 35 | 0.92 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.9 (5.9) | 24.0 (4.6) | 0.033* |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 139 (17) | 133 (15) | 0.10 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 79 (11) | 78 (9) | 0.73 |
| LAMA, % | 71 | 84 | 0.20 |
| LABA-ICS, % | 79 | 71 | 0.43 |
| MRC dyspnea score | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 0.52 |
| CAT score | 18 (7) | 17 (7) | 0.65 |
| SGRQ-C total | 46.25 (18.59) | 46.78 (17.68) | 0.91 |
| Average daily step count† | 4883 (2,668) | 6685 (4,234) | 0.15 |
| Average PAL† | 1.39 (0.20) | 1.49 (0.19) | 0.10 |
| FEV1, L | 1.31 (0.53) | 1.10 (0.54) | 0.12 |
| FEV1% predicted | 51.6 (20.2) | 48.2 (22.5) | 0.37 |
| FVC, L | 3.25 (0.67) | 2.96 (0.88) | 0.15 |
| DlCOc % predicted | 54.2 (22.7) | 51.1 (23.1) | 0.59 |
| RV/TLC ratio, % | 52.8 (8.5) | 56.5 (9.0) | 0.09 |
| PaO2, kPa | 10.4 (1.6) | 10.4 (1.6) | 0.87 |
| PaCO2, kPa | 4.7 (0.6) | 4.9 (0.6) | 0.22 |
| Peak power on cycle, W | 51 (22) | 54 (29) | 0.62 |
| Peak o2, ml/min/kg | 14.1 (3.1) | 16.1 (5.4) | 0.19 |
| e/co2 slope | 31.26 (7.84) | 30.16 (7.59) | 0.38 |
| OUES, (ml/min O2)/(L/min e) | 1,686 (485) | 1,658 (520) | 0.73 |
| FFMI, kg/m2 | 17.1 (2.3) | 15.7 (1.8) | 0.0089* |
| QMVC, kg | 30.4 (11.0) | 28.9 (10.1) | 0.58 |
| MTMCSA, mm2 | 9,969 (2,012) | 9,120 (2,417) | 0.12 |
| Quadriceps CSA, mm2 | 4,348 (950) | 4,027 (1,277) | 0.27 |
Definition of abbreviations: ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE-I = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; CAT = COPD Assessment Test; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CSA = cross-sectional area; D = deletion allele; DlCOc = diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide corrected for hemoglobin; FFMI = fat-free mass index; I = insertion allele; LABA-ICS = long-acting β-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid; LAMA = long-acting muscarinic antagonist; MRC = Medical Research Council; MTMCSA = mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area; OUES = oxygen uptake efficiency slope; PAL = physical activity level; QMVC = quadriceps maximal volitional contraction; RV = residual volume; SGRQ-C = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD.
Data shown are mean (SD) unless otherwise noted.
P < 0.05.
Data are analyzed from 53 subjects (29 placebo, 24 treatment arm) who recorded an adequate period for physical activity assessment.