TABLE I.
AUC for evaluating the performance of classifiers for each of the four glioblastoma subtypes as well as 12-month survival status using five texture feature sets. In each cell, the four numbers are organized as “AUC value (95% confidence limits), p-value.” Each column corresponds to the performance of applying different texture feature sets on different scan modalities and anatomic planes. Abbreviations: T1 post, postcontrast T1-weighted image; T2 FLAIR, T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image; SFTA, segmentation-based fractal texture analysis; HOG, histogram of oriented gradients; RLM, run-length matrix; LBP, local binary patterns; and HARA, Haralick texture features.
| Classical | Mesenchymal | Neural | Proneural | 12-month survival status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 post axial | |||||
| SFTA | 0.56 (0.43, 0.73), 0.20 | 0.54 (0.41, 0.67), 0.30 | 0.60 (0.41, 0.75), 0.14 | 0.67 (0.52, 0.78), 0.01 | 0.64 (0.51, 0.76), 0.02 |
| HOG | 0.56 (0.40, 0.68), 0.22 | 0.55 (0.43, 0.70), 0.21 | 0.61 (0.44, 0.79), 0.12 | 0.52 (0.36, 0.65), 0.42 | 0.62 (0.50, 0.78), 0.04 |
| RLM | 0.71 (0.57, 0.81), 0.00a | 0.57 (0.44, 0.71), 0.14 | 0.65 (0.46, 0.79), 0.05 | 0.55 (0.40, 0.70), 0.25 | 0.62 (0.49, 0.74), 0.04 |
| LBP | 0.60 (0.45, 0.74), 0.08 | 0.58 (0.43, 0.71), 0.11 | 0.73 (0.56, 0.86), 0.01 | 0.74 (0.61, 0.84), 0.00a | 0.64 (0.51, 0.77), 0.02 |
| HARA | 0.72 (0.59, 0.82), 0.00a | 0.63 (0.50, 0.74), 0.03 | 0.67 (0.49, 0.81), 0.03 | 0.50 (0.31, 0.62), 0.50 | 0.51 (0.37, 0.63), 0.45 |
| T1 post sagittal | |||||
| SFTA | 0.59 (0.43, 0.70), 0.12 | 0.58 (0.42, 0.68), 0.13 | 0.67 (0.49, 0.81), 0.03 | 0.78 (0.68, 0.86), 0.00a | 0.57 (0.44, 0.70), 0.14 |
| HOG | 0.62 (0.48, 0.76), 0.06 | 0.54 (0.39, 0.66), 0.28 | 0.50 (0.29, 0.66), 0.50 | 0.65 (0.50, 0.77), 0.03 | 0.61 (0.48, 0.72), 0.04 |
| RLM | 0.66 (0.52, 0.79), 0.02 | 0.55 (0.40, 0.67), 0.24 | 0.74 (0.58, 0.84), 0.00a | 0.62 (0.48, 0.75), 0.05 | 0.45 (0.34, 0.59), 0.24 |
| LBP | 0.60 (0.44, 0.72), 0.09 | 0.51 (0.37, 0.64), 0.45 | 0.50 (0.29, 0.65), 0.49 | 0.62 (0.47, 0.77), 0.05 | 0.64 (0.52, 0.75), 0.01 |
| HARA | 0.64 (0.50, 0.75), 0.03 | 0.52 (0.38, 0.64), 0.38 | 0.61 (0.43, 0.76), 0.12 | 0.52 (0.37, 0.67), 0.40 | 0.50 (0.37, 0.62), 0.49 |
| T1 post coronal | |||||
| SFTA | 0.53 (0.37, 0.65), 0.32 | 0.49 (0.35, 0.62), 0.44 | 0.66 (0.47, 0.82), 0.04 | 0.82 (0.69, 0.90), 0.00a | 0.69 (0.56, 0.79), 0.00a |
| HOG | 0.71 (0.57, 0.83), 0.00a | 0.53 (0.40, 0.66), 0.31 | 0.51 (0.33, 0.69), 0.46 | 0.54 (0.37, 0.67), 0.32 | 0.61 (0.48, 0.72), 0.05 |
| RLM | 0.67 (0.53, 0.77), 0.01 | 0.47 (0.33, 0.60), 0.32 | 0.65 (0.46, 0.77), 0.05 | 0.63 (0.47, 0.74), 0.04 | 0.61 (0.49, 0.74), 0.04 |
| LBP | 0.51 (0.37, 0.66), 0.44 | 0.51 (0.34, 0.62), 0.43 | 0.57 (0.41, 0.77), 0.21 | 0.49 (0.35, 0.64), 0.44 | 0.60 (0.47, 0.72), 0.06 |
| HARA | 0.61 (0.46, 0.73), 0.07 | 0.64 (0.51, 0.75), 0.02 | 0.61 (0.48, 0.73), 0.05 | 0.65 (0.51, 0.77), 0.01 | 0.50 (0.36, 0.61), 0.48 |
| T2 FLAIR axial | |||||
| SFTA | 0.57 (0.44, 0.76), 0.19 | 0.53 (0.41, 0.69), 0.34 | 0.74 (0.57, 0.88), 0.00a | 0.61 (0.47, 0.75), 0.07 | 0.55 (0.41, 0.67), 0.24 |
| HOG | 0.61 (0.47, 0.77), 0.06 | 0.70 (0.56, 0.80), 0.00a | 0.69 (0.52, 0.80), 0.02 | 0.48 (0.36, 0.65), 0.42 | 0.53 (0.41, 0.66), 0.32 |
| RLM | 0.59 (0.43, 0.73), 0.13 | 0.66 (0.52, 0.77), 0.01 | 0.75 (0.54, 0.88), 0.00a | 0.42 (0.29, 0.57), 0.13 | 0.47 (0.36, 0.61), 0.34 |
| LBP | 0.60 (0.46, 0.75), 0.09 | 0.52 (0.38, 0.65), 0.37 | 0.66 (0.49, 0.82), 0.04 | 0.48 (0.33, 0.63), 0.40 | 0.51 (0.40, 0.65), 0.42 |
| HARA | 0.65 (0.51, 0.79), 0.02 | 0.57 (0.44, 0.69), 0.15 | 0.72 (0.58, 0.84), 0.01 | 0.61 (0.46, 0.75), 0.07 | 0.62 (0.48, 0.73), 0.04 |
| T2 FLAIR sagittal | |||||
| SFTA | 0.65 (0.50, 0.78), 0.02 | 0.51 (0.37, 0.64), 0.43 | 0.70 (0.52, 0.86), 0.02 | 0.58 (0.42, 0.72), 0.15 | 0.55 (0.43, 0.69), 0.22 |
| HOG | 0.64 (0.50, 0.77), 0.03 | 0.55 (0.43, 0.70), 0.21 | 0.61 (0.42, 0.75), 0.12 | 0.53 (0.36, 0.66), 0.33 | 0.67 (0.54, 0.76), 0.01 |
| RLM | 0.56 (0.40, 0.68), 0.22 | 0.62 (0.48, 0.71), 0.04 | 0.65 (0.49, 0.84), 0.05 | 0.56 (0.42, 0.71), 0.21 | 0.59 (0.44, 0.71), 0.09 |
| LBP | 0.50 (0.32, 0.62), 0.50 | 0.65 (0.52, 0.75), 0.01 | 0.54 (0.34, 0.69), 0.34 | 0.57 (0.44, 0.77), 0.17 | 0.58 (0.43, 0.68), 0.13 |
| HARA | 0.64 (0.49, 0.80), 0.03 | 0.48 (0.32, 0.58), 0.40 | 0.72 (0.56, 0.85), 0.01 | 0.64 (0.50, 0.78), 0.03 | 0.57 (0.44, 0.70), 0.16 |
| T2 FLAIR coronal | |||||
| SFTA | 0.57 (0.43, 0.73), 0.17 | 0.51 (0.39, 0.66), 0.43 | 0.69 (0.51, 0.87), 0.02 | 0.60 (0.45, 0.72), 0.10 | 0.64 (0.51, 0.73), 0.02 |
| HOG | 0.48 (0.35, 0.64), 0.39 | 0.61 (0.47, 0.72), 0.06 | 0.62 (0.44, 0.76), 0.09 | 0.54 (0.38, 0.67), 0.30 | 0.59 (0.46, 0.72), 0.09 |
| RLM | 0.53 (0.37, 0.66), 0.33 | 0.58 (0.46, 0.71), 0.11 | 0.75 (0.56, 0.89), 0.00a | 0.62 (0.47, 0.75), 0.06 | 0.51 (0.39, 0.66), 0.43 |
| LBP | 0.63 (0.48, 0.77), 0.04 | 0.48 (0.38, 0.64), 0.39 | 0.54 (0.37, 0.74), 0.33 | 0.57 (0.41, 0.70), 0.17 | 0.48 (0.34, 0.61), 0.40 |
| HARA | 0.49 (0.40, 0.71), 0.46 | 0.63 (0.50, 0.75), 0.03 | 0.74 (0.56, 0.81), 0.01 | 0.58 (0.41, 0.69), 0.14 | 0.58 (0.46, 0.70), 0.11 |
a
Significance after BH correction with α = 0.05. The p-values for the four subtypes are corrected together.