Table 1.
Patient demographics
| Patient | Description |
|---|---|
| P1 | |
| Handedness | Left |
| Age at surgery | 33 years |
| Seizure risk factors | Reye's syndrome with convulsions as a child |
| Family history of seizures | (+) Maternal grandfather |
| Age of seizure onset | 25 years |
| Seizure semiology | Automotor seizures; generalized tonic-clonic |
| Working diagnosis | Nonlesional left temporal lobe epilepsy |
| EEG | Left temporal interictal discharges |
| MRI brain | Normal |
| Current medications | Lamotrigine, oxcarbazine, Vimpat, clorazepate |
| P2 | |
| Handedness | Left |
| Age at surgery | 47 years |
| Seizure risk factors | Head injury at age 3 with loss of consciousness, viral encephalopathy age 45 years |
| Family history of seizures | None |
| Age of seizure onset | 45 years |
| Seizure semiology | Psychic aura, gustatory aura, complex partial seizure |
| Working diagnosis | Nonlesional left temporal lobe epilepsy |
| EEG | Bitemporal ictal discharges; interictal left temporal sharp waves |
| MRI brain | Normal |
| Current medications | Valproic acid, lamotrigine, phenytoin |
| P3 | |
| Handedness | Right |
| Age at surgery | 29 years |
| Seizure risk factors | None |
| Family history of seizures | None |
| Age of seizure onset | 22 years |
| Seizure semiology | Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, dialeptic seizures, tonic seizures |
| Working diagnosis | Nonlesional left temporal lobe epilepsy |
| EEG | Left temporal spikes |
| MRI brain | Normal |
| Current medications | Topiramate, oxcarbazine, levetiracetam, lacosamide |
| P4 | |
| Handedness | Right |
| Age at surgery | 49 years |
| Seizure risk factors | Hodgkin's lymphoma age 17, splenectomy, stroke at age 48 years |
| Family history of seizures | (+) Niece |
| Age of seizure onset | 23 years |
| Seizure semiology | Generalized tonic–clonic seizures, automotor seizures, postictal aphasia |
| Working diagnosis | Lesional left temporal lobe epilepsy |
| EEG | Left temporal sharp waves |
| MRI brain | Chronic stroke/encephalomalacia in left putamen, insula, parietal cortex |
| Current medications | Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam |
| P5 | |
| Handedness | Right |
| Age at surgery | 48 years |
| Seizure risk factors | Head trauma with loss of consciousness as a child |
| Family history of seizures | None |
| Age of seizure onset | 37 years |
| Seizure semiology | Complex partial seizure |
| Working diagnosis | Nonlesional right temporal lobe epilepsy |
| EEG | Right temporal sharp waves |
| MRI brain | Few small T2 hyper-intense foci in frontal subcortical white matter |
| Current medications | Levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazine, clonazepam |
| P6 | |
| Handedness | Right |
| Age at surgery | 57 years |
| Seizure risk factors | None |
| Family history of seizures | None |
| Age of seizure onset | 12 years |
| Seizure semiology | Complex partial seizures with secondary generalization; ictal aphasia |
| Working diagnosis | Left temporal lobe epilepsy |
| EEG | Left posterior temporal sharp waves and seizures |
| MRI brain | Subtle right hippocampal volume loss |
| Current medications | Valproic acid, primidone, Vimpat |
| P7 | |
| Handedness | Right |
| Age at surgery | 34 years |
| Seizure risk factors | None |
| Family history of seizures | None |
| Age of seizure onset | 24 years |
| Seizure semiology | Generalized convulsions; complex partial seizures; automotor seizures; aphasia |
| Working diagnosis | Left temporal lobe epilepsy |
| EEG | Left temporal slowing and seizures |
| MRI brain | Normal |
| Current medications | Lamotrigine, phenobarbital, Vimpat |
| P8 | |
| Handedness | Right |
| Age at surgery | 59 years |
| Seizure risk factors | None |
| Family history of seizures | None |
| Age of seizure onset | 12 years |
| Seizure semiology | Psychic aura; automotor seizures; generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy |
| Working diagnosis | Temporal lope epilepsy |
| EEG | Left posterior temporal-parietal sharp waves |
| MRI brain | Subtle volume loss in right hippocampus |
| Current medications | Valproic acid, primidone, Topamax |