Table 3.
HIV-positive (n=68) and HIV-negative (n=19) levels of cellular chemotaxis and inflammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Significant differences are in bold typeface.
| CSF | SERUM | CSF/serum | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV (+) | HIV (−) | Cohen’s d (95%CI) (b) | P (a) | HIV (+) | HIV (−) | Cohen’s d (95%CI) (b) | P (a) | HIV (+) | HIV (−) | Cohen’s d (95%CI) (b) | P (a) | |
| Cytokines | ||||||||||||
| TNFα | 0.33 (0.48) | 0.04 (0.24) | 0.66 (0.3,1.02) | 0.0006 | 0.94 (0.21) | 0.79 (0.18) | 0.72 (0.2,1.23) | 0.0071 | −0.61(0.47) | − 0.75(0.26) | 0.33 (− 0.19,0.84) | 0.2100 |
| IFN γ | 0.27 (0.43) | 0.07 (0.29) | 0.50 (− 0.02,1.02) | 0.0230 | 0.27 (0.45) | 0.56 (0.47) | −0.62 (− 1.13, −0.1) | 0.0200 | 0.001(0.63) | − 0.48(0.53) | 0.79 (0.28,1.31) | 0.0029 |
| IL1 β | −0.11 (0.03) | −0.1 (0.0) | −0.31 (− 0.58, −0.04) | 0.0270 | − 0.09(0.07) | − 0.02(0.18) | −0.60 (− 1.44,0.23) | 0.1500 | −0.02(0.08) | − 0.07(0.18) | 0.5 (− 0.31,1.32) | 0.2100 |
| IL2 | 0.02 (0.09) | 0 (0.0) | 0.27 (0,0.54) | 0.0540 | 0.06 (0.31) | 0.08 (0.19) | −0.07 (− 0.58,0.45) | 0.7500 | −0.04(0.33) | − 0.08(0.19) | 0.13 (− 0.38,0.65) | 0.6100 |
| IL4 | 0.65 (0) | 0.65 (0) | 0 (0,0) | 1.0000 | 0.69 (0.16) | 0.77 (0.39) | −0.35 (− 1.18,0.48) | 0.3900 | −0.03(0.16) | − 0.11(0.39) | 0.35 (− 0.48,1.18) | 0.3900 |
| IL6 | 0.16 (0.34) | 0.09 (0.27) | 0.22 (− 0.3,0.73) | 0.4100 | 0.07 (0.29) | 0.08(0.26) | −0.04 (− 0.56,0.47) | 0.8700 | 0.09(0.45) | 0.01(0.35) | 0.19 (− 0.32,0.71) | 0.4600 |
| IL7 | 0.28 (0.20) | 0.17 (0.14) | 0.60 (0.09,1.12) | 0.0220 | 0.64 (0.37) | 0.65 (0.28) | −0.04 (− 0.55,0.48) | 0.8800 | −0.36(0.41) | − 0.49(0.33) | 0.32 (− 0.2,0.84) | 0.2200 |
| IL10 | 0.25 (0.41) | 0.04 (0.0) | 0.56 (0.29,0.84) | 0.0001 | 0.31(0.45) | 0.30(0.40) | 0.01 (− 0.51,0.53) | 0.9700 | −0.06(0.58) | − 0.26(0.40) | 0.37 (− 0.15,0.88) | 0.1600 |
| Chemokines | ||||||||||||
| IP10 | 3.26 (0.75) | 2.98 (0.20) | 0.42 (0.12,0.72) | 0.0067 | 2.98 (0.35) | 2.57(0.2) | 1.27 (0.75,1.78) | <0.0001 | 0.29(0.67) | 0.41(0.20) | −0.21 (− 0.52,0.1) | 0.1900 |
| MCP1 | 3.16 (0.19) | 3.05 (0.12) | 0.62 (0.1,1.13) | 0.0200 | 2.73 (0.21) | 2.63(0.22) | 0.46 (− 0.05,0.98) | 0.0770 | 0.43(0.27) | 0.42(0.28) | 0.04 (− 0.47,0.56) | 0.8800 |
| MIP1α | 1.10 (0.14) | 1.01 (0.06) | 0.66 (0.31,1.01) | 0.0004 | 0.61 (0.29) | 0.64(0.29) | −0.11 (− 0.63,0.4) | 0.6600 | 0.49(0.34) | 0.37(0.27) | 0.37 (− 0.15,0.88) | 0.1600 |
| MIP1β | 1.09 (0.28) | 0.95 (0.30) | 0.49 (− 0.03,1) | 0.0650 | 1.71 (0.27) | 1.72(0.19) | −0.05 (− 0.56,0.47) | 0.8500 | −0.62(0.33) | − 0.77(0.24) | 0.48 (− 0.04,0.99) | 0.0690 |
| RANTES | 0.58 (0.62) | 0.37 (0.57) | 0.34 (− 0.18,0.85) | 0.2000 | 4.48 (0.26) | 4.75(0.2) | −1.09 (− 1.6, −0.57) | <0.0001 | −3.9(0.67) | − 4.38(0.57) | 0.73 (0.22,1.25) | 0.0060 |
Values are log transformed and presented in mean (SD). (a) unadjusted analysis. Adjusted analysis for CSF/serum albumin quotient (Q alb.) there was no significant difference between the groups for all cytokines and chemokines measured (all p>0.05); for CSF/serum ratio after adjustment for Q alb. there was significant difference for CSF/serum ratio of IFNγ, IL-1β and IP-10 (p= 0.035; 0.027 and 0.0009 respectively). (b) Groups differences presented as Cohen’s d effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals.